No. 5 · Song lyric · ci, long two-stanza lyric第 5 首 · 宋词 · 词·双调长调

yǒng永yù遇yuè乐·jīng京kǒu口běi北gù固tíng亭huái怀gǔ古

xīn辛qì弃jí疾Xin Qiji · Song宋

To the Tune Yong Yu Le: Thinking of the Past at Beigu Pavilion in Jingkou

qiān千gǔ古jiāng江shān山

yīng英xióng雄wú无mì觅sūn孙zhòng仲móu谋chù处

wǔ舞xiè榭gē歌tái台

fēng风liú流zǒng总bèi被yǔ雨dǎ打fēng风chuī吹qù去

xié斜yáng阳cǎo草shù树

xún寻cháng常xiàng巷mò陌

rén人dào道jì寄nú奴céng曾zhù住

xiǎng想dāng当nián年

jīn金gē戈tiě铁mǎ马

qì气tūn吞wàn万lǐ里rú如hǔ虎

yuán元jiā嘉cǎo草cǎo草

fēng封láng狼jū居xū胥

yíng赢dé得cāng仓huáng皇běi北gù顾

sì四shí十sān三nián年

wàng望zhōng中yóu犹jì记

fēng烽huǒ火yáng扬zhōu州lù路

kě可kān堪huí回shǒu首

bì佛lí狸cí祠xià下

yí一piàn片shén神yā鸦shè社gǔ鼓

píng凭shuí谁wèn问

lián廉pō颇lǎo老yǐ矣

shàng尚néng能fàn饭fǒu否

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The words are the same as the corpus. The corpus breaks lines two and four into two pieces each; the textbook keeps each as one sentence.

文字和语料相同。语料断句作“英雄无觅，孙仲谋处”“风流总被，雨打风吹去”，课本作“英雄无觅孙仲谋处”“风流总被雨打风吹去”，各作一句。

Line by line逐句翻译

千古江山The rivers and hills are the same as a thousand ages ago,江山千古不变，
英雄无觅孙仲谋处but a hero like Sun Quan can be found nowhere.可是像孙权那样的英雄，已经找不到了。
舞榭歌台The halls of song and dance of his day,当年的歌舞楼台，
风流总被雨打风吹去and all their glory, have been swept away by wind and rain.那些英雄的风采，都被风吹雨打，消失了。
斜阳草树The setting sun lights the grass and trees,夕阳照着野草和树木，
寻常巷陌and in these ordinary little lanes,在普通的小街小巷里，
人道寄奴曾住people say, Liu Yu once lived.人们说，刘裕曾经住在这里。
想当年Think of those days:回想当年，
金戈铁马he led an army of shining spears and armoured horses,他率领强大的军队，
气吞万里如虎fierce as a tiger, ready to swallow ten thousand miles.气势像猛虎，要吞下万里中原。
元嘉草草But his son, Emperor Wen, rushed north to war,可是他的儿子宋文帝草率北伐，
封狼居胥dreaming of a victory rite like Huo Qubing's on Mount Langjuxu,想像霍去病那样封山庆功，
赢得仓皇北顾and all he won was a panicked look to the north.结果却大败，只能惊慌地向北张望。
四十三年Forty-three years have passed,四十三年过去了，
望中犹记and as I gaze into the distance I still remember我远远望去，还记得
烽火扬州路the road through Yangzhou in flames of war.扬州一带到处燃烧着战火。
可堪回首How can I bear to look back?怎么忍心回头去看，
佛狸祠下Below the shrine of the enemy emperor Bili,在敌人皇帝留下的佛狸祠下，
一片神鸦社鼓crows peck at offerings and festival drums beat.乌鸦吃着祭品，人们敲着社鼓，热热闹闹。
凭谁问Who is there to come and ask:还有谁会来问一问：
廉颇老矣Lian Po is old,廉颇老了，
尚能饭否but can he still eat?还能吃饭吗？

Words字词注释

千古qiān gǔ: qiān gǔ: for a thousand ages, since long, long ago.千古：很久很久以来。
无觅wú mì: wú mì: cannot be found.无觅：找不到。
孙仲谋sūn zhòng móu: Sūn Zhòngmóu: Sun Quan, ruler of the state of Wu in the Three Kingdoms. He once made Jingkou his capital.孙仲谋：孙权，字仲谋，三国时吴国的君主，曾在京口建都。
舞榭歌台wǔ xiè gē tái: wǔ xiè gē tái: halls for dancing and singing. Xiè is a building on a raised terrace. Here they stand for the splendid palaces of Sun Quan's time.舞榭歌台：跳舞唱歌的楼台。榭，建在高台上的房子。这里代指孙权当年的繁华宫殿。
风流fēng liú: fēng liú: a hero's style and great deeds.风流：英雄的风采和功业。
斜阳草树xié yáng cǎo shù: xié yáng cǎo shù: grass and trees in the setting sun.斜阳草树：夕阳照着的野草和树木。
寻常巷陌xún cháng xiàng mò: xún cháng xiàng mò: ordinary lanes and alleys.寻常巷陌：普通的小街小巷。
人道rén dào: rén dào: people say.人道：人们说。
寄奴jì nú: Jì Nú: the childhood name of Liu Yu, founder of the Liu Song dynasty in the fifth century. He grew up poor in Jingkou, then led armies north and won back much land.寄奴：南朝宋武帝刘裕的小名。他出身贫寒，生长在京口，后来起兵北伐，收复了大片土地。
金戈铁马jīn gē tiě mǎ: jīn gē tiě mǎ: shining weapons and armoured horses, a mighty army. Gē is an old kind of spear.金戈铁马：闪亮的兵器和披甲的战马，指强大的军队。戈，古代一种兵器。
气吞万里如虎qì tūn wàn lǐ rú hǔ: qì tūn wàn lǐ rú hǔ: fierce as a tiger, as if able to swallow ten thousand miles of land.气吞万里如虎：气势像猛虎一样，好像能吞下万里土地。
元嘉yuán jiā: Yuán jiā: the reign name of Liu Yilong, Emperor Wen, Liu Yu's son.元嘉：刘裕的儿子宋文帝刘义隆的年号。
草草cǎo cǎo: cǎo cǎo: hasty, careless, without proper planning.草草：草率，没有好好准备。
封狼居胥fēng láng jū xū: fēng láng jū xū: the Han general Huo Qubing beat the Xiongnu, chased them to Mount Langjuxu, and held a victory rite on its top. Emperor Wen wanted the same glory and rushed north to war.封狼居胥：汉代名将霍去病打败匈奴，追到狼居胥山，在山上祭天庆功。宋文帝也想立这样的大功，草率出兵北伐。
赢得yíng dé: yíng dé: ended up with, only got.赢得：落得，结果只得到。
仓皇北顾cāng huáng běi gù: cāng huáng běi gù: looking north in panic. Emperor Wen's army was crushed, and the Northern Wei army came all the way to the north bank of the Yangtze.仓皇北顾：慌慌张张地向北张望。宋文帝北伐大败，北魏军队反而打到长江北岸，他只能惊慌地向北望。
四十三年sì shí sān nián: sì shí sān nián: forty-three years. Xin Qiji came south in 1162; this was written forty-three years later.四十三年：辛弃疾1162年从北方南归，到写这首词时正好四十三年。
望中wàng zhōng: wàng zhōng: looking out into the distance.望中：远远望去。
烽火扬州路fēng huǒ yáng zhōu lù: fēng huǒ yáng zhōu lù: the Yangzhou road burning with war. Fēng huǒ were warning fires lit in wartime.烽火扬州路：当年扬州一带到处是战火。烽火，打仗时报警的烟火。
可堪kě kān: kě kān: how can one bear it.可堪：哪能忍受，不忍心。
佛狸祠bì lí cí: Bì lí cí: a shrine on Mount Guabu, first built as a palace by Tuoba Tao (childhood name Bili), Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei, when he reached the Yangtze.佛狸祠：北魏太武帝拓跋焘（小名佛狸）打到长江北岸时，在瓜步山上建的行宫，后来成了一座庙。
神鸦shén yā: shén yā: crows that eat the offerings at the temple.神鸦：在庙里吃祭品的乌鸦。
社鼓shè gǔ: shè gǔ: drums beaten at a village festival for the gods.社鼓：祭神时敲的鼓。
凭谁问píng shuí wèn: píng shuí wèn: who is there to ask. Píng means to rely on.凭谁问：还有谁来问呢。凭，靠。
廉颇lián pō: Lián Pō: a famous general of the state of Zhao. When he was old, the king sent a man to see if he could still fight. Lian Po ate a huge meal and mounted his horse in armour to show he was still strong. But the messenger spoke ill of him, and the king never used him again.廉颇：战国时赵国的名将。他老了以后，赵王想再用他，派人去看他还能不能打仗。廉颇一顿饭吃了一斗米、十斤肉，还披甲上马，表示自己还行。可是使者回去说了他的坏话，赵王就没有再用他。
尚能饭否shàng néng fàn fǒu: shàng néng fàn fǒu: can he still eat? That is, is he still strong enough to fight?尚能饭否：还能吃饭吗？意思是还有力气打仗吗。

How to read it读音

处chù: Here this character is a noun, a place, so it is read chù.“处”是名词“地方”，读 chù。
佛bì: Bì lí was the childhood name of Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei. Textbooks read this character here as bì, not fó.“佛狸”是北魏太武帝拓跋焘的小名，课本注音 bì lí。“佛”在这里不读 fó。
狸lí: In bì lí, this character is read lí.“佛狸”的“狸”读 lí。
否fǒu: At the end of a question, this character is read fǒu.“否”在句末表示疑问，读 fǒu。

Background创作背景

Xin Qiji wrote this in 1205, at sixty-six, while he was prefect of Zhenjiang. Zhenjiang was called Jingkou in old times. Beigu Pavilion stood on Beigu Hill north of the city, looking over the Yangtze. Han Tuozhou, who then ran the court, was preparing to attack the Jin state in the north. Xin had always wanted to win back the north, but he feared this war was being rushed and would fail like those in the past. He climbed the pavilion, thought of the heroes and defeats of history, and wrote this lyric.

这首词写于宋宁宗开禧元年（1205年），辛弃疾六十六岁，在镇江做知府。镇江古时叫京口，北固亭在城北的北固山上，可以望见长江。当时朝廷掌权的韩侂胄正准备北伐金国。辛弃疾一直想收复北方，但他担心这次准备不足，会重蹈覆辙。他登上北固亭，想起历史上的英雄和失败，写下了这首词。

The poet作者

Xin Qiji (1140–1207), also called Jiaxuan, was a great Southern Song lyric poet. He was born in the north under Jin rule. In his twenties he led men in a revolt against the Jin and came south to Song in 1162. All his life he wanted to lead an army to win back the north, but he was often pushed aside and spent many years out of office. His lyrics are bold and full of sorrow. People pair him with Su Shi.

辛弃疾（1140—1207），号稼轩，南宋大词人。他生在被金国占领的北方，二十多岁时带领人马起义抗金，1162年南归宋朝。他一生想带兵收复北方，却常常被排挤，长期闲居。他的词豪迈悲壮，和苏轼并称“苏辛”。

The mood意境

Almost every line of this lyric tells a story from history, and every story points at the present. The first half remembers two heroes who lived in Jingkou: Sun Quan and Liu Yu. Both were great, yet now nothing of them is left but sunset and little lanes. The poet is saying that there are no such heroes now. The second half tells how Emperor Wen rushed into war and was crushed. This warns the court not to rush its own war. Then Xin remembers the fires of war at Yangzhou forty-three years before, and sees people cheerfully worshipping at a shrine of an enemy emperor, as if they had forgotten the country's old wounds. At last he compares himself to Lian Po: I am old, but I can still fight, and no one comes to ask. The whole lyric burns with love for his country and with the sadness of being left unused.

这首词几乎每一句都在讲历史故事，但每个故事都和眼前的事有关。上阕想起两位在京口生活过的英雄：孙权和刘裕。他们都很了不起，可现在什么也找不到了，只剩夕阳和小巷。这是在说：现在没有这样的英雄了。下阕讲宋文帝草率北伐，结果大败，这是在提醒朝廷，这次北伐不能太急。接着他想起四十三年前南归时扬州的战火，又看到敌人皇帝的庙前，百姓热热闹闹地祭拜，好像早就忘了国仇。最后他用廉颇自比：我老了，可我还能打仗，只是没有人来问我。全词充满了报国的热情和不被重用的悲凉。