No. 6 · Song lyric · ci to the tune Pusaman, 44 characters in two stanzas第 6 首 · 宋词 · 词，词牌《菩萨蛮》，双调四十四字

pú菩sà萨mán蛮·shū书jiāng江xī西zào造kǒu口bì壁

xīn辛qì弃jí疾Xin Qiji · Song宋

Pusaman: Written on the Wall at Zaokou in Jiangxi

yù郁gū孤tái台xià下qīng清jiāng江shuǐ水

zhōng中jiān间duō多shǎo少xíng行rén人lèi泪

xī西běi北wàng望cháng长ān安

kě可lián怜wú无shù数shān山

qīng青shān山zhē遮bú不zhù住

bì毕jìng竟dōng东liú流qù去

jiāng江wǎn晚zhèng正chóu愁yú余

shān山shēn深wén闻zhè鹧gū鸪

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus text reads "xī běi shì cháng ān" (the northwest is Chang'an), "bì jìng jiāng liú qù" (the river flows away after all) and ends the seventh line with a different character for "me". Today's textbooks and standard editions read "xī běi wàng cháng ān" (I look northwest toward Chang'an), "bì jìng dōng liú qù" (it flows east after all), and use the common character yú for "me". Both characters for "me" mean the same.

资料库原文作“西北是长安”“毕竟江流去”“江晚正愁予”。现在课本和通行本作“西北望长安”“毕竟东流去”“江晚正愁余”。“予”和“余”都是“我”的意思。

Line by line逐句翻译

郁孤台下清江水The water of the Gan River below Yugu Terrace,郁孤台下这赣江的江水，
中间多少行人泪how many tears of fleeing people flow in it!里面流着多少逃难人的眼泪啊。
西北望长安I look northwest toward the old capital, Chang'an,我抬头向西北遥望故都长安，
可怜无数山but sadly, countless mountains stand in the way.可惜被数不清的群山挡住了。
青山遮不住Still, the green mountains cannot hold back the river;可是青山挡不住江水，
毕竟东流去after all, it flows away to the east.江水终究向东流去了。
江晚正愁余Evening falls on the river, and it fills me with sorrow;天色晚了，江边的景色正让我发愁，
山深闻鹧鸪from deep in the mountains I hear the partridge call.又听见深山里传来鹧鸪的叫声。

Words字词注释

郁孤台yù gū tái: yù gū tái: an old lookout terrace on a hill in today's Ganzhou, Jiangxi. It got its name because the hill stands tall and alone.郁孤台：一座古台，在今天江西赣州的贺兰山上，因为山势高高地孤立着而得名。
清江qīng jiāng: qīng jiāng: here it means the Gan River, which flows past the foot of the terrace and on to the north.清江：这里指赣江。赣江从郁孤台下流过，向北流去。
中间zhōng jiān: zhōng jiān: in the middle of it, that is, in the river water.中间：指江水里面。
行人泪xíng rén lèi: xíng rén lèi: the tears of people on the road. When the Jin army chased into this area, ordinary people fled in all directions, weeping.行人泪：逃难的人流下的眼泪。当年金兵追到这里，百姓四处逃难。
长安cháng ān: cháng ān: the capital of the Han and Tang dynasties. Here it stands for the old capital and the northern lands taken by the Jin. Another reading says it means Bianjing (today's Kaifeng), the capital of the Northern Song.长安：汉朝、唐朝的都城。这里借来代指被金人占领的北方故都和国土。一说指北宋都城汴京（今河南开封）。
可怜kě lián: kě lián: what a pity.可怜：可惜。
无数山wú shù shān: wú shù shān: countless mountains, which block the view toward Chang'an.无数山：数不清的山，把望向长安的视线挡住了。
遮不住zhē bú zhù: zhē bù zhù: cannot block. The mountains cannot stop the river.遮不住：挡不住。说的是山挡不住江水。
毕竟bì jìng: bì jìng: after all, in the end.毕竟：到底，终究。
东流去dōng liú qù: dōng liú qù: flows away to the east. Most big rivers in China flow east to the sea. The Gan River flows north into the Yangtze, and the Yangtze flows east.东流去：向东流走。中国的大江大河大多向东流入大海。赣江先向北流进长江，长江再向东流。
愁余chóu yú: chóu yú: makes me sad. Yú means I or me.愁余：使我发愁。余，我。
鹧鸪zhè gū: zhè gū: the partridge, a bird. People in old times thought its call sounded like "you cannot go on, brother", so hearing it made a sad person sadder.鹧鸪：一种鸟。古人觉得它的叫声像“行不得也哥哥”，意思是“走不了啊”，听了让人更加伤心。

Background创作背景

In 1176, Xin Qiji was a judicial official in Jiangxi, based in Ganzhou. Passing through Zaokou (in today's Wan'an County, Jiangxi), he wrote this lyric on a wall. More than forty years earlier, the Jin army had swept south. It chased the Song empress dowager Longyou all the way to near Zaokou, and the common people suffered terribly. The northern lands had still not been won back. Standing by the river and remembering all this, Xin Qiji wrote this poem.

宋孝宗淳熙三年（1176年），辛弃疾在江西做提点刑狱，管刑事案件，驻在赣州。他路过造口（在今江西万安县），把这首词写在墙上。四十多年前，金兵南下，追赶宋朝的隆祐太后，一直追到造口附近，百姓吃尽苦头。北方的国土也一直没有收回来。辛弃疾站在江边，想起这些往事，写下了这首词。

The poet作者

Xin Qiji (1140–1207), also called Jiaxuan, was a great lyric poet of the Southern Song. He was born in the north under Jin rule. As a young man he led an uprising and then came over to the Southern Song. All his life he wanted to win back the north, but the court did not give him real power. His lyrics are mostly bold and strong, often with the anger of a man who cannot serve his country. He and Su Shi are named together as "Su and Xin".

辛弃疾（1140—1207），号稼轩，南宋大词人。他生在被金人占领的北方，年轻时就带兵起义，后来回到南宋。他一辈子都想收复北方，可是朝廷不重用他。他的词大多豪迈有力，也常常带着报国无门的悲愤，和苏轼并称“苏辛”。

The mood意境

The first stanza starts with the river in front of him. The water is clear, yet the poet says it carries the tears of fleeing people. In one stroke, the suffering of history is poured into the river. He looks northwest toward Chang'an, but mountain after mountain blocks his view, just as the road to winning back the north is blocked. The second stanza turns: however many mountains there are, they cannot stop the river flowing east. This is a scene, but also a stubborn hope. Yet evening comes, and the partridge keeps calling, as if saying "you cannot go on". The sorrow rises again. The whole poem speaks through mountains and water. It shouts no slogans, yet we feel deep grief and love for the country.

上阕从眼前的江水写起。江水本来是清的，词人却说里面流着逃难人的眼泪，一下子把历史的苦难放进了水里。他向西北望长安，可是重重大山挡住了视线，就像收复北方的路被挡住一样。下阕一转：山再多，也挡不住江水向东流。这既是写景，也透出一股不服输的劲头。可是天色已晚，鹧鸪声声，好像在说“走不了啊”，词人的愁又涌了上来。整首词用山和水写心事，不直接喊口号，却让人感到深深的忧愁和爱国的情怀。