shí石gǔ鼓gē歌

Line by line逐句翻译

1. 张生手持石鼓文Mr. Zhang came to me holding a rubbing of the Stone Drum writing.张生拿着石鼓文的拓本来找我，
2. 劝我试作石鼓歌He urged me to try writing a Song of the Stone Drums.劝我试着写一首《石鼓歌》。
3. 少陵无人谪仙死But Du Fu is gone, and Li Bai is dead too.可杜甫已经不在，李白也已去世，
4. 才薄将奈石鼓何With my small talent, how can I do the drums justice?我才学浅薄，拿这石鼓怎么办呢？
5. 周纲陵迟四海沸The rule of Zhou had decayed, and the whole land boiled with unrest.周朝的统治衰落了，天下乱得像开水在翻滚。
6. 宣王愤起挥天戈King Xuan rose in anger and swung the Son of Heaven's spear.周宣王愤然而起，挥动天子的兵器去平乱。
7. 大开明堂受朝贺He threw open the Bright Hall and received the lords who came to bow and congratulate him.他大开明堂，接受诸侯的朝拜和祝贺。
8. 诸侯剑佩鸣相磨The lords' swords and jade pendants knocked together and rang.诸侯身上的剑和玉佩互相碰撞，叮当作响。
9. 搜于岐阳骋雄俊He hunted south of Mount Qi, and his bold riders galloped.他在岐山南面打猎，勇士骏马尽情奔驰。
10. 万里禽兽皆遮罗Birds and beasts for ten thousand li were all hemmed in and netted.方圆万里的鸟兽，都被围住、网住。
11. 镌功勒成告万世He had his deeds carved, so that all later ages would know.他把功业刻下来，好告诉千秋万代。
12. 凿石作鼓隳嵯峨So stone was cut from the high cliffs and shaped into drums.于是凿开高高的山石，做成石鼓。
13. 从臣才艺咸第一The officials who followed him were all of the highest talent.跟随他的大臣，才华都是第一流的。
14. 拣选撰刻留山阿The best were chosen to write and carve the words, and the drums were left at the foot of the hills.挑选好的人写好文字刻上去，把石鼓留在山脚。
15. 雨淋日炙野火燎Rain beat on them, the sun baked them, and wildfires swept over them.石鼓经受着雨打、日晒和野火烧，
16. 鬼物守护烦㧑呵Spirits guarded them, always driving harm away.有鬼神守护着，不停地赶走侵害。
17. 公从何处得纸本Sir, where did you get this paper copy?先生，你是从哪里得到这份纸上的拓本的？
18. 毫发尽备无差讹Every hair-thin detail is there, without a single mistake.连头发丝那样细的地方都齐全，没有一点差错。
19. 辞严义密读难晓The words are stern and the meaning dense; it is hard to understand.文辞庄重，意思紧密，读起来很难懂。
20. 字体不类隶与科The script looks like neither clerical script nor tadpole script.字体既不像隶书，也不像蝌蚪文。
21. 年深岂免有缺画After so many years, of course some strokes are missing.年代久远，难免有缺了笔画的地方。
22. 快剑斫断生蛟鼍The strokes look like live dragons and alligators cut apart by a sharp sword,那笔画像快剑砍断的活蛟龙、活鳄鱼，
23. 鸾翔凤翥众仙下Or like phoenixes soaring and a crowd of immortals coming down,又像鸾凤飞舞，众仙人从天而降，
24. 珊瑚碧树交枝柯Or like coral and green jade trees with their branches crossing,又像珊瑚和碧玉树，枝条互相交错，
25. 金绳铁索锁纽壮Or like golden ropes and iron chains locked in strong knots,又像金绳铁索，绳结粗壮结实，
26. 古鼎跃水龙腾梭Or like an ancient cauldron leaping from the water, or a shuttle turning into a flying dragon.又像古鼎跃出水面，又像梭子化成龙飞腾。
27. 陋儒编诗不收入Narrow-minded scholars who compiled the Book of Songs left it out,见识浅陋的儒生编《诗经》时，没有把它收进去，
28. 二雅褊迫无委蛇So the Odes seem cramped, without breadth and ease.使得《大雅》《小雅》显得狭窄，不够宽广从容。
29. 孔子西行不到秦Confucius traveled west but never reached the land of Qin.孔子往西走，没有到过秦地，
30. 掎摭星宿遗羲娥He gathered the stars but missed the sun and the moon.他捡了天上的星星，却漏掉了太阳和月亮。
31. 嗟予好古生苦晚Alas, I love ancient things, but I was born too late.唉，我爱好古物，可惜生得太晚了，
32. 对此涕泪双滂沱Facing it, my tears pour down like heavy rain.对着它，我的眼泪像大雨一样流下来。
33. 忆昔初蒙博士征I remember when I was first called to be an Erudite at the academy.记得当年我刚被召去做国子博士，
34. 其年始改称元和That was the year the reign name changed to Yuanhe.那一年刚刚改了年号，叫作元和。
35. 故人从军在右辅An old friend of mine was serving in the army in the Youfu region.我的老朋友在右辅一带的军中做事，
36. 为我度量掘臼科He measured the ground for me and dug pits to set the drums in.他替我量好地方，挖好了安放石鼓的坑。
37. 濯冠沐浴告祭酒I washed my hat, bathed, and solemnly went to tell the head of the academy:我洗净帽子、沐浴更衣，郑重地去报告祭酒：
38. 如此至宝存岂多How many treasures like this are left in the world?像这样的宝贝，世上还能留下多少？
39. 毡包席裹可立致Wrapped in felt and mats, they could be brought here at once;用毡子包、席子裹，马上就能运来；
40. 十鼓只载数骆驼The ten drums would need only a few camels to carry.十个石鼓，只要几匹骆驼就能驮完。
41. 荐诸太庙比郜鼎Offered to the ancestral temple, they would rank with the Gao cauldron,把它献到太庙，可以和郜鼎相比，
42. 光价岂止百倍过And their glory and worth would be far more than a hundred times greater!它的光彩和价值，何止超过百倍！
43. 圣恩若许留太学If the emperor kindly let them stay at the Imperial Academy,皇上如果开恩，允许把它留在太学，
44. 诸生讲解得切磋The students could explain them and study them together.学生们就能一起讲解，互相研究。
45. 观经鸿都尚填咽Long ago, crowds jammed the roads to see the stone classics at Hongdu;当年在鸿都看石经的人，还挤得道路都堵住了，
46. 坐见举国来奔波We would surely see people from all over the country rushing here.眼看全国的人都会赶来观看。
47. 剜苔剔藓露节角Scrape off the moss and lichen, and the edges of the strokes would show;挖掉青苔，剔去藓，露出笔画的棱角，
48. 安置妥帖平不颇Set the drums firmly in place, level and not tilting;把石鼓安放稳当，平平正正，不歪不斜，
49. 大厦深檐与盖覆Cover them with a big hall and deep eaves,用大房子和深屋檐把它们盖好护住，
50. 经历久远期无佗And hope that through the long ages nothing goes wrong.希望经过很久很久，也不出意外。
51. 中朝大官老于事But the high officials at court were old hands, careful to avoid trouble.可是朝中的大官们，办事老练又圆滑，
52. 讵肯感激徒媕婀How could they be moved? They only hemmed and hawed.哪里肯被打动？只是含含糊糊，拿不定主意。
53. 牧童敲火牛砺角Herd boys strike sparks on the drums, and oxen rub their horns on them.放牛的孩子在石鼓上敲石取火，牛在上面磨角，
54. 谁复著手为摩挲Who will ever lay a loving hand on them?还有谁会伸手去爱惜地抚摸它们呢？
55. 日销月铄就埋没Day by day, month by month, they wear away and will soon be lost.一天天、一月月地磨损，快要被埋没了。
56. 六年西顾空吟哦For six years I have looked west, only chanting in vain.六年来我总是向西望，只能白白地吟诗叹息。
57. 羲之俗书趁姿媚Wang Xizhi's popular handwriting chases prettiness,王羲之的字流行于世，追求的是漂亮好看，
58. 数纸尚可博白鹅Yet a few sheets of it could be traded for white geese.几张他写的字，还能换来一群白鹅。
59. 继周八代争战罢Through the dynasties after Zhou, the wars have all ended,周朝以后，八个朝代的战争都已结束，
60. 无人收拾理则那Yet no one has gathered and cared for the drums. Why is that?却没有人来收拾整理石鼓，这是什么道理呢？
61. 方今太平日无事Now the land is at peace, with nothing troubling it day after day.如今天下太平，每天都没有大事，
62. 柄任儒术崇丘轲The court relies on Confucian learning and honors Confucius and Mencius.朝廷重用儒学，尊崇孔子和孟子。
63. 安能以此上论列How can I bring this matter before the court?我怎样才能把这件事上奏朝廷讨论呢？
64. 愿借辩口如悬河I wish I could borrow a tongue that flows like a waterfall.真希望能借来一张口若悬河的好嘴。
65. 石鼓之歌止于此My Song of the Stone Drums ends here.我的《石鼓歌》就写到这里吧，
66. 呜呼吾意其蹉跎Alas, I fear my wish will come to nothing.唉，我的心愿恐怕要落空了。

Words字词注释

张生zhāng shēng

zhāng shēng: a scholar named Zhang. Usually taken to be the poet Zhang Ji; another view says Zhang Che.张生：姓张的读书人。一般认为是诗人张籍，一说是张彻。

石鼓文shí gǔ wén

shí gǔ wén: the writing carved on the Stone Drums. Here it means a paper rubbing of it.石鼓文：刻在石鼓上的文字。这里指从石鼓上拓下来的纸本。

少陵shào líng

shào líng: Du Fu, who called himself the old man of Shaoling.少陵：指杜甫，他自称“少陵野老”。

谪仙zhé xiān

zhé xiān: Li Bai. He Zhizhang called him an immortal sent down from heaven.谪仙：指李白。贺知章说他是从天上被贬到人间的仙人。

才薄cái bó

cái bó: of small talent, a modest way to speak of oneself.才薄：才华浅薄，是谦虚的话。

将奈石鼓何jiāng nài shí gǔ hé

jiāng nài shí gǔ hé: what can I do with the Stone Drums? That is: how could I write well enough about them?将奈石鼓何：能拿石鼓怎么办呢？意思是写不好石鼓。

周纲zhōu gāng

zhōu gāng: the rule and laws of Zhou. Gāng is the main rope of a net, a picture for a state's laws.周纲：周朝的统治和法度。纲，原来指渔网上的总绳，比喻国家的法纪。

陵迟líng chí

líng chí: to decline, getting worse day by day.陵迟：衰落，一天天坏下去。

四海沸sì hǎi fèi

sì hǎi fèi: the whole land boiling like water, meaning great unrest.四海沸：天下像开水一样翻滚，形容大乱。

宣王xuān wáng

xuān wáng: King Xuan of Zhou, a Western Zhou king who made the weakened Zhou strong again for a time.宣王：周宣王，西周的君王，他让衰落的周朝一度重新强盛。

天戈tiān gē

tiān gē: the Son of Heaven's spear, meaning the king's army.天戈：天子的兵器，指天子的军队。

明堂míng táng

míng táng: the great hall where ancient kings held ceremonies and received the lords.明堂：古代天子举行大典、接见诸侯的大殿。

朝贺cháo hè

cháo hè: to come before the king and congratulate him.朝贺：来朝见天子，向他祝贺。

剑佩jiàn pèi

jiàn pèi: swords and jade pendants, worn by nobles in ancient times.剑佩：剑和玉佩，古代贵族挂在身上。

鸣相磨míng xiāng mó

míng xiāng mó: knocking and rubbing together, making a ringing sound.鸣相磨：互相碰撞摩擦，发出声音。

搜sōu

sōu: to hunt.搜：打猎。

岐阳qí yáng

qí yáng: the south side of Mount Qi, in today's Shaanxi. In old Chinese the south side of a hill is called yáng.岐阳：岐山的南面，在今天的陕西。古人把山的南面叫“阳”。

骋雄俊chěng xióng jùn

chěng xióng jùn: letting brave men and fine horses gallop freely.骋雄俊：让勇士和骏马尽情奔驰。

遮罗zhē luó

zhē luó: to block in and catch with nets.遮罗：拦住，用网捉住。

镌功勒成juān gōng lè chéng

juān gōng lè chéng: to carve the king's deeds in stone. Both juān and lè mean to carve.镌功勒成：把功业刻在石头上。镌、勒都是刻的意思。

告万世gào wàn shì

gào wàn shì: to tell people of all ages to come.告万世：告诉千秋万代的后人。

隳huī

huī: to break down; here, to cut into.隳：毁坏，这里指凿开。

嵯峨cuó é

cuó é: high, steep hills.嵯峨：高高的山。

从臣cóng chén

cóng chén: the officials who followed the king.从臣：跟随君王的大臣。

咸xián

xián: all.咸：都。

拣选jiǎn xuǎn

jiǎn xuǎn: to choose.拣选：挑选。

撰刻zhuàn kè

zhuàn kè: to compose the words and then carve them.撰刻：写好文字，再刻上去。

山阿shān ē

shān ē: the bend or foot of a hill.山阿：山弯、山脚。

炙zhì

zhì: to roast; here, the sun beating down.炙：烤，这里指太阳暴晒。

燎liáo

liáo: to burn.燎：火烧。

鬼物guǐ wù

guǐ wù: ghosts and spirits.鬼物：鬼神。

烦㧑呵fán huī hē

fán huī hē: busily waving and shouting to drive harm away.烦㧑呵：不停地挥手呵斥，赶走侵害。烦，劳烦，频繁。

公gōng

gōng: you, sir; a polite way to address Zhang.公：您，对张生的尊称。

纸本zhǐ běn

zhǐ běn: a paper rubbing. To make one, you lay paper over carved stone and dab it with ink, so the words print onto the paper.纸本：纸上的拓本。拓本是把纸蒙在刻字的石头上，用墨轻轻拍打，字就印到纸上。

毫发尽备háo fà jìn bèi

háo fà jìn bèi: complete down to details as fine as a hair.毫发尽备：连头发丝那样细小的地方都齐全。

差讹chā é

chā é: mistakes.差讹：差错。

辞严义密cí yán yì mì

cí yán yì mì: the words are stern and the meaning is dense.辞严义密：文辞庄重，意思严密。

不类bú lèi

bù lèi: not like.不类：不像。

隶lì

lì: clerical script, a style of writing common in the Han dynasty.隶：隶书，汉代通行的一种字体。

科kē

kē: tadpole script, an ancient style whose strokes are thick at the head and thin at the tail, like tadpoles.科：蝌蚪文，一种古老的字体，笔画头粗尾细，像小蝌蚪。

缺画quē huà

quē huà: missing strokes.缺画：缺掉的笔画。

斫断zhuó duàn

zhuó duàn: to chop apart.斫断：砍断。

蛟鼍jiāo tuó

jiāo tuó: dragons and alligators. Tuó is the Chinese alligator. The strokes look like living dragons and alligators cut apart: strong and full of life.蛟鼍：蛟龙和鳄鱼。鼍，扬子鳄。这里说笔画像被砍断的活蛟龙、活鳄鱼，又有力又生动。

鸾翔凤翥luán xiáng fèng zhù

luán xiáng fèng zhù: the luan bird and the phoenix soaring. Both are birds of legend. Zhù means to fly upward.鸾翔凤翥：鸾鸟和凤凰飞舞。鸾凤是传说中的神鸟。翥，向上飞。

众仙下zhòng xiān xià

zhòng xiān xià: many immortals coming down from the sky.众仙下：许多仙人从天上降下来。

珊瑚碧树shān hú bì shù

shān hú bì shù: trees of coral and green jade, both treasures.珊瑚碧树：珊瑚和碧玉做的树，都是珍宝。

交枝柯jiāo zhī kē

jiāo zhī kē: branches crossing each other. Kē means a branch.交枝柯：树枝互相交错。柯，树枝。

金绳铁索jīn shéng tiě suǒ

jīn shéng tiě suǒ: ropes of gold and chains of iron.金绳铁索：金做的绳子，铁做的链子。

锁纽suǒ niǔ

suǒ niǔ: locks and knots.锁纽：锁扣和绳结。

古鼎跃水gǔ dǐng yuè shuǐ

gǔ dǐng yuè shuǐ: an ancient cauldron leaping out of the water. It is usually taken to use the legend of a Zhou treasure cauldron sunk in the Si River. A dǐng is a large bronze vessel for cooking and offerings.古鼎跃水：古鼎从水里跳出来。一般认为用了周朝宝鼎沉在泗水里的传说。鼎，古代煮东西、祭祀用的大铜器。

龙腾梭lóng téng suō

lóng téng suō: a shuttle turning into a flying dragon. Legend says Tao Kan of the Jin dynasty found a weaving shuttle and hung it on his wall, and it later turned into a dragon and flew away. A shuttle carries the thread back and forth in weaving.龙腾梭：梭子变成龙飞走。传说晋朝陶侃得到一只织布梭，挂在墙上，后来变成龙飞走了。梭，织布时来回穿线的工具。

陋儒lòu rú

lòu rú: narrow-minded scholars.陋儒：见识浅陋的读书人。

编诗biān shī

biān shī: compiling the Book of Songs, the earliest Chinese collection of poems.编诗：编《诗经》。《诗经》是中国最早的诗歌总集。

二雅èr yǎ

èr yǎ: the Greater Odes and Lesser Odes, two parts of the Book of Songs.二雅：《诗经》里的《大雅》和《小雅》。

褊迫biǎn pò

biǎn pò: cramped, narrow.褊迫：狭窄。

委蛇wēi yí

wēi yí: broad and at ease.委蛇：宽广从容的样子。

孔子西行不到秦kǒng zǐ xī xíng bú dào qín

kǒng zǐ xī xíng bù dào qín: legend says Confucius edited the Book of Songs. He traveled to many states but never went west to Qin, so he never saw the drums.孔子西行不到秦：相传《诗经》是孔子整理的。孔子周游各国，没有往西到秦地，所以没见到石鼓。

掎摭jǐ zhí

jǐ zhí: to pick up and gather.掎摭：拾取、收集。

星宿xīng xiù

xīng xiù: the stars.星宿：星星。

遗羲娥yí xī é

yí xī é: leaving out the sun and the moon. Xīhé drives the sun's chariot in myth, and Chang'e lives on the moon. It means he kept small things but missed the most precious one, the drums.遗羲娥：漏掉了太阳和月亮。羲，羲和，神话里替太阳赶车的神；娥，嫦娥，住在月亮上。比喻收了小的，漏了最宝贵的石鼓。

嗟予jiē yú

jiē yú: alas, I.嗟予：唉，我呀。

好古hào gǔ

hào gǔ: loving ancient things.好古：爱好古代的东西。

生苦晚shēng kǔ wǎn

shēng kǔ wǎn: sadly born too late.生苦晚：可惜生得太晚。

涕泪tì lèi

tì lèi: tears.涕泪：眼泪。

滂沱pāng tuó

pāng tuó: pouring like heavy rain; here, tears that will not stop.滂沱：雨下得很大的样子，这里形容泪流不止。

蒙méng

méng: to receive, to be honored with.蒙：承蒙，受到。

博士bó shì

bó shì: here, an Erudite, an official who taught at the nation's highest school.博士：这里指国子博士，在国家最高学府教书的官。

征zhēng

zhēng: to be summoned by the court to serve.征：征召，朝廷叫人去做官。

元和yuán hé

yuán hé: the reign name of Emperor Xianzong of Tang. Its first year was 806.元和：唐宪宗的年号。元和元年是公元806年。

故人gù rén

gù rén: an old friend.故人：老朋友。

右辅yòu fǔ

yòu fǔ: usually taken to mean the Fengxiang area west of Chang'an, where the drums were.右辅：一般认为指长安西边的凤翔一带，石鼓就在那里。

度量duó liáng

duó liáng: to measure.度量：测量。

掘臼科jué jiù kē

jué jiù kē: to dig pits to set the drums in.掘臼科：挖好安放石鼓的坑。臼科，坑。

濯冠沐浴zhuó guān mù yù

zhuó guān mù yù: washing one's hat and bathing, to show great respect.濯冠沐浴：洗干净帽子，洗头洗澡，表示郑重。

祭酒jì jiǔ

jì jiǔ: the head of the national academy, like the principal of the nation's highest school.祭酒：国子监的长官，相当于国家最高学府的校长。

至宝zhì bǎo

zhì bǎo: the greatest treasure.至宝：最珍贵的宝物。

存岂多cún qǐ duō

cún qǐ duō: how many could have survived?存岂多：留存下来的哪会多呢？

毡包席裹zhān bāo xí guǒ

zhān bāo xí guǒ: wrapped in felt and woven mats. Felt is a thick sheet pressed from wool.毡包席裹：用毡子包，用席子裹。毡，用羊毛压成的厚片。

立致lì zhì

lì zhì: brought at once.立致：马上运到。

只载数骆驼zhǐ zài shù luò tuó

zhǐ zài shù luò tuó: only a few camels are needed to carry them.只载数骆驼：只要几匹骆驼就能驮完。

荐诸jiàn zhū

jiàn zhū: to offer them to.荐诸：把它献到。荐，进献。

太庙tài miào

tài miào: the temple where the emperor honored his ancestors.太庙：皇帝祭祀祖先的庙。

郜鼎gào dǐng

gào dǐng: the great cauldron of the state of Gao. In the Spring and Autumn period Duke Huan of Lu got it from Song and placed it in his ancestral temple.郜鼎：郜国的大鼎。春秋时鲁桓公从宋国得到它，放进了太庙。

光价guāng jià

guāng jià: glory and worth.光价：光彩和价值。

岂止百倍过qǐ zhǐ bǎi bèi guò

qǐ zhǐ bǎi bèi guò: far more than a hundred times greater.岂止百倍过：何止超过一百倍。

圣恩shèng ēn

shèng ēn: the emperor's kindness.圣恩：皇帝的恩典。

太学tài xué

tài xué: the Imperial Academy, the nation's highest school.太学：国家最高学府。

诸生zhū shēng

zhū shēng: the students.诸生：学生们。

切磋qiē cuō

qiē cuō: first meaning to carve bone and ivory; here, to study and discuss together.切磋：原指加工骨头、象牙，这里指一起研究讨论。

观经鸿都guān jīng hóng dōu

guān jīng hóng dōu: going to Hongdu to see the stone classics. In the Eastern Han, the Confucian classics were carved on stone tablets in Luoyang, and huge crowds came to see and copy them. Hongdu was a gate in Luoyang, used here for that place.观经鸿都：去鸿都看石经。东汉时在洛阳把儒家经书刻在石碑上，来看、来抄的人非常多。鸿都，东汉洛阳的鸿都门，这里借指那个地方。

填咽tián yè

tián yè: jammed and crowded.填咽：拥挤、堵塞。

坐见zuò jiàn

zuò jiàn: would surely see.坐见：眼看着就能见到。

奔波bēn bō

bēn bō: rushing here.奔波：奔走而来。

剜苔剔藓wān tái tī xiǎn

wān tái tī xiǎn: scraping the moss off the stone.剜苔剔藓：挖掉、剔去石头上的青苔。

节角jié jiǎo

jié jiǎo: the edges and corners of the strokes.节角：笔画的棱角。

妥帖tuǒ tiē

tuǒ tiē: firm and steady.妥帖：稳稳当当。

平不颇píng bù pō

píng bù pō: level, not tilting.平不颇：放平，不歪斜。颇，偏、歪。

大厦深檐dà shà shēn yán

dà shà shēn yán: a big hall with deep eaves.大厦深檐：大房子，深深的屋檐。

盖覆gài fù

gài fù: to cover and protect.盖覆：遮盖保护。

期qī

qī: to hope.期：希望。

无佗wú tuó

wú tuó: nothing going wrong.无佗：没有意外。佗，同“他”，别的事故。

中朝zhōng cháo

zhōng cháo: at the royal court.中朝：朝廷里。

老于事lǎo yú shì

lǎo yú shì: seasoned in affairs; here it hints they were slippery and avoided trouble.老于事：办事老练，这里有圆滑、怕麻烦的意思。

讵肯jù kěn

jù kěn: how would they be willing?讵肯：哪里肯。

感激gǎn jī

gǎn jī: to be moved into action.感激：被打动而奋发起来。

媕婀ān ē

ān ē: to hesitate and never decide.媕婀：犹豫不决，拿不定主意。

敲火qiāo huǒ

qiāo huǒ: striking sparks on the stone to make fire.敲火：在石头上敲打取火。

砺角lì jiǎo

lì jiǎo: rubbing horns.砺角：磨角。

著手zhuó shǒu

zhuó shǒu: to put one's hand on.著手：动手，伸手。

摩挲mó suō

mó suō: to stroke gently.摩挲：用手轻轻抚摸。

日销月铄rì xiāo yuè shuò

rì xiāo yuè shuò: wearing away day by day and month by month.日销月铄：一天天、一月月地被消磨。铄，熔化、损耗。

就埋没jiù mái mò

jiù mái mò: about to be lost and forgotten.就埋没：快要被埋没了。

西顾xī gù

xī gù: to look west, where the drums were.西顾：向西边望。石鼓在西边。

吟哦yín é

yín é: to chant poems.吟哦：吟诗。

羲之xī zhī

xī zhī: Wang Xizhi, the great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin, called the Sage of Calligraphy.羲之：王羲之，东晋大书法家，被称为“书圣”。

俗书sú shū

sú shū: popular writing. Han Yu says this when comparing it with the ancient drum script.俗书：世俗流行的书法。这是韩愈拿它和古老的石鼓文比较时说的。

趁姿媚chèn zī mèi

chèn zī mèi: chasing prettiness.趁姿媚：追求漂亮好看。

博白鹅bó bái é

bó bái é: to trade for white geese. Legend says Wang Xizhi loved geese, and a Daoist gave him a flock in exchange for copying a book.博白鹅：换来白鹅。传说王羲之喜欢鹅，有个道士请他写经书，用一群鹅作交换。

继周八代jì zhōu bā dài

jì zhōu bā dài: the eight dynasties after Zhou, meaning all the dynasties since.继周八代：周朝以后的八个朝代，泛指周以后的历代王朝。

争战罢zhēng zhàn bà

zhēng zhàn bà: the wars are over.争战罢：战争已经停了。

收拾shōu shí

shōu shí: to gather and care for.收拾：收集整理。

理则那lǐ zé nuó

lǐ zé nuó: what is the reason for this? Nuó means 'what can be done'.理则那：这是什么道理呢？那，就是“奈何”，怎么办。

方今fāng jīn

fāng jīn: now.方今：如今。

柄任bǐng rèn

bǐng rèn: to rely on and give power to.柄任：重用。柄，权柄。

儒术rú shù

rú shù: Confucian learning.儒术：儒家的学问。

丘轲qiū kē

qiū kē: Kong Qiu (Confucius) and Meng Ke (Mencius).丘轲：孔丘（孔子）和孟轲（孟子）。

上论列shàng lùn liè

shàng lùn liè: to present to the court and argue point by point.上论列：向朝廷上奏，一条一条地陈述。

辩口biàn kǒu

biàn kǒu: an eloquent tongue.辩口：能说会道的口才。

如悬河rú xuán hé

rú xuán hé: flowing like a waterfall. A hanging river is a waterfall.如悬河：像瀑布一样滔滔不绝。悬河，从高处挂下来的河，就是瀑布。

止于此zhǐ yú cǐ

zhǐ yú cǐ: ends here.止于此：就到这里为止。

呜呼wū hū

wū hū: alas.呜呼：唉，表示感叹。

蹉跎cuō tuó

cuō tuó: to come to nothing, wasted.蹉跎：落空，白白耽误。

How to read it读音

少shào

Shàolíng is a place south of Chang'an, read shào here. Du Fu lived nearby and called himself the old man of Shaoling.少陵是长安城南的地名，这里读 shào。杜甫曾住在附近，自称“少陵野老”。

朝cháo

Here it means to go to court before the king, read cháo.朝贺：朝见天子并祝贺，读 cháo。

阿ē

In shān ē, the foot or bend of a hill, it is read ē, not ā.山阿：山弯、山脚，读 ē，不读 ā。

差chā

In chā é, a mistake, it is read chā.差讹：差错，读 chā。

蛇yí

Wēi yí means broad and easy. Here it is read yí, not shé (snake).委蛇读 wēi yí，宽广从容的样子，不读 shé。

宿xiù

In xīng xiù, the stars, it is read xiù.星宿：星星，读 xiù。

好hào

In hào gǔ, to love old things, it is read hào.好古：爱好古物，读 hào。

度duó

In duó liáng, to measure, the first word is read duó.度量：测量，“度”读 duó。

量liáng

In duó liáng, to measure, the second word is read liáng.度量：测量，“量”读 liáng。

过guò

Read guò today. The poem rhymes with words like gē, hé and duō; in old times this word was read in the level tone and rhymed with them.现在读 guò。这首诗押“歌、何、多”一类的韵，这个字在古代读平声，和它们押韵。

咽yè

Tián yè means jammed and crowded. It is usually read yè; another view reads it yān.填咽：拥挤、堵塞。一般读 yè，一说读 yān。

颇pō

Here it means tilted, read pō.颇：偏、歪，读 pō。

朝cháo

In zhōng cháo, the royal court, it is read cháo.中朝：朝廷里，读 cháo。

著zhuó

In zhuó shǒu, to set one's hand to, it is read zhuó.著手：动手，同“着手”，读 zhuó。

挲suō

Mó suō means to stroke gently. It is read mó suō here and rhymes with gē and hé. In everyday speech it is also said mā sa.摩挲：用手轻轻抚摸。这里读 mó suō，和“歌、何”押韵。口语里也读 mā sa。

那nuó

Here it means 'what can be done', read nuó, rhyming with gē and hé.那：这里是“奈何”的意思，读 nuó，和“歌、何”押韵。

Background创作背景

The poet作者

The mood意境