No. 69 · Tang poem · seven-character regulated verse第 69 首 · 唐诗 · 七言律诗

qiū秋xìng兴bā八shǒu首·qí其yī一

dù杜fǔ甫Du Fu · Tang唐

Autumn Meditations, No. 1 of Eight

yù玉lù露diāo凋shāng伤fēng枫shù树lín林

wū巫shān山wū巫xiá峡qì气xiāo萧sēn森

jiāng江jiān间bō波làng浪jiān兼tiān天yǒng涌

sài塞shàng上fēng风yún云jiē接dì地yīn阴

cóng丛jú菊liǎng两kāi开tā他rì日lèi泪

gū孤zhōu舟yí一xì系gù故yuán园xīn心

hán寒yī衣chù处chù处cuī催dāo刀chǐ尺

bái白dì帝chéng城gāo高jí急mù暮zhēn砧

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

Line by line逐句翻译

玉露凋伤枫树林White dew falls, and the maple woods wither;白露降下，枫树林一片凋零，
巫山巫峡气萧森over Mount Wu and Wu Gorge hangs a bleak, cold air.巫山巫峡，到处是萧瑟阴冷的秋气。
江间波浪兼天涌On the river, waves surge as if rising to the sky;江上波浪翻滚，好像连着天一起涌起，
塞上风云接地阴over the passes, clouds press down to the earth, and all is dark.山上的乌云压下来，连着地面，天地一片昏暗。
丛菊两开他日泪The chrysanthemums have bloomed twice, and old tears fall again;菊花已经开了两回，我又流下往日的眼泪；
孤舟一系故园心my lonely boat stays tied up, and so does my homesick heart.一条孤船一直拴在岸边，拴住了我想家的心。
寒衣处处催刀尺Everywhere people hurry to cut winter clothes;家家户户都在赶着裁剪冬衣，
白帝城高急暮砧at dusk, from high White Emperor City, comes the quick beat of cloth on stone.傍晚，高高的白帝城里，传来一阵阵急促的捣衣声。

Words字词注释

玉露yù lù: yù lù: autumn dew, white as jade.玉露：像白玉一样的秋露，秋天的寒露。
凋伤diāo shāng: diāo shāng: to make leaves wither and fall.凋伤：使草木凋零、受伤。
巫山巫峡wū shān wū xiá: wū shān wū xiá: Mount Wu and Wu Gorge, on the Yangtze where Chongqing meets Hubei today.巫山巫峡：巫山和巫峡，在今天重庆和湖北交界的长江边。
萧森xiāo sēn: xiāo sēn: bleak, cold and gloomy.萧森：萧瑟阴森，冷清凄凉。
江间jiāng jiān: jiāng jiān: on the river.江间：江上。
兼天涌jiān tiān yǒng: jiān tiān yǒng: the waves surge so high they seem to rise with the sky.兼天涌：波浪翻腾，好像连着天一起涌起来。
塞上sài shàng: sài shàng: here the steep mountains around Kuizhou; another reading says the northern frontier.塞上：这里指夔州一带险要的高山。一说指北方的边塞。
接地阴jiē dì yīn: jiē dì yīn: dark clouds hang down to the ground, and everything is gloomy.接地阴：乌云低低地压到地面，天地一片昏暗。
丛菊两开cóng jú liǎng kāi: cóng jú liǎng kāi: the clumps of chrysanthemums have bloomed twice, meaning he has been away two years.丛菊两开：一丛丛的菊花已经开了两次，表示离家已经两年。
他日泪tā rì lèi: tā rì lèi: tears of other days; the old tears flow once more.他日泪：往日的眼泪，过去流过的伤心泪又流了下来。
孤舟gū zhōu: gū zhōu: a lonely boat.孤舟：孤零零的一条船。
一系yí xì: yī xì: tied up all this while; the boat cannot leave, and the poet cannot go home.一系：一直拴着。指船停着走不了，诗人回不了家。
故园心gù yuán xīn: gù yuán xīn: a heart that longs for home; gù yuán means hometown.故园心：想念家乡的心。故园，家乡。
寒衣hán yī: hán yī: winter clothes.寒衣：冬天穿的衣服。
催刀尺cuī dāo chǐ: cuī dāo chǐ: hurrying people to cut cloth with scissors and rulers.催刀尺：催着人们赶快用剪刀和尺子裁衣服。
白帝城bái dì chéng: bái dì chéng: an old city on White Emperor Hill, east of today's Fengjie in Chongqing.白帝城：古城名，在今天重庆奉节东边的白帝山上。
急暮砧jí mù zhēn: jí mù zhēn: the hurried pounding of cloth at dusk. Zhēn is the stone for beating cloth; people of old beat cloth on a stone with a wooden stick before making winter clothes.急暮砧：傍晚急促的捣衣声。砧，捣衣服用的石头。古人做冬衣前，要把布放在石头上用木棒捶打。

How to read it读音

系xì: Here it means to tie up, and textbooks mostly read it xì. In everyday speech, tying something is also often said jì.“系”是“拴住”的意思。现在课本多读 xì，口语里拴东西也常说 jì。
塞sài: Here it means a frontier or a pass, so it is read sài.“塞上”的“塞”指边塞、险要的地方，读 sài。

Background创作背景

In the autumn of 766 Du Fu was living in Kuizhou, today's Fengjie in Chongqing. The An Lushan Rebellion was over, but the country was still not at peace. He was old and ill and could not go home. Looking at autumn in the river gorges, he wrote eight poems called "Autumn Meditations", meaning feelings stirred by autumn. This is the first one, which opens the whole set.

唐代宗大历元年（766年）秋天，杜甫住在夔州（今重庆奉节）。这时安史之乱虽然已经结束，国家却还不太平，他自己年老多病，回不了家乡。看着峡江的秋景，他写下了八首诗，合称《秋兴八首》，意思是秋天里引起的感触。这是第一首，是整组诗的开头。

The poet作者

Du Fu (712–770) was a great Tang poet, called the Sage of Poetry. In his last years he drifted around Sichuan and Hubei and lived in hardship. He was especially good at seven-character regulated verse, and "Autumn Meditations" is seen as his finest work in that form. In it, scenery and feeling are woven tightly together.

杜甫（712—770），唐代大诗人，被称为“诗圣”。他晚年漂泊在四川和湖北一带，生活困苦。他的七言律诗写得特别好，《秋兴八首》被看作他七律的代表作，写景和抒情结合得很紧密。

The mood意境

The first four lines paint autumn, and the picture keeps growing. First the maple leaves are struck down by cold dew. Then all of Mount Wu and Wu Gorge feels bleak. Then the waves leap up to the sky and the clouds press down to the earth, and the whole world is dark and restless. This is the scene before him, and it is also like the troubled country of that time. The last four lines turn to the poet himself. The chrysanthemums have bloomed twice, so he has been away two years. His boat is tied to the bank and cannot leave, and his heart is tied too. At the end, every family is rushing to make winter clothes. The pounding of cloth at dusk grows faster and faster. To a man far from home, it makes him miss home even more.

前四句写秋景，越写越大。先是枫叶被寒露打落，再是整个巫山巫峡都冷冷清清；然后江上的浪冲上天，山上的云压到地，天地之间一片昏暗动荡。这既是眼前的景，也像当时动荡不安的国家。后四句转到自己：菊花开了两回，说明离家两年了；小船拴在岸边，走不了，心也被拴住了。最后，家家都在赶做冬衣，傍晚的捣衣声一阵比一阵急，听在漂泊的人耳朵里，更加想家。