Song lyric · ci lyric, long form in two stanzas宋词 · 词（慢词，双调）

yuè月xià下dí笛·wàn万lǐ里gū孤yún云

zhāng张yán炎Zhang Yan · Song宋

To the Tune Yue Xia Di: A Lone Cloud Ten Thousand Miles

wàn万lǐ里gū孤yún云

qīng清yóu游jiàn渐yuǎn远

gù故rén人hé何chù处

hán寒chuāng窗mèng梦lǐ里

yóu犹jì记jīng经xíng行jiù旧shí时lù路

lián连chāng昌yuē约lüè略wú无duō多liǔ柳

dì第yī一shì是

nán难tīng听yè夜yǔ雨

màn谩jīng惊huí回qī凄qiǎo悄

xiāng相kàn看zhú烛yǐng影

yōng拥qīn衾shuí谁yǔ语

zhāng张xù绪

guī归hé何mù暮

bàn半líng零luò落

yī依yī依duàn断qiáo桥ōu鸥lù鹭

tiān天yá涯juàn倦lǚ旅

cǐ此shí时xīn心shì事liáng良kǔ苦

zhǐ只chóu愁chóng重sǎ洒xī西zhōu州lèi泪

wèn问dù杜qū曲

rén人jiā家zài在fǒu否

kǒng恐cuì翠xiù袖

zhèng正tiān天hán寒

yóu犹yǐ倚méi梅huā花nà那shù树

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

Line by line逐句翻译

万里孤云Like a lone cloud ten thousand miles away,我像一片孤云，飘在万里之外，
清游渐远my quiet journey takes me farther and farther.清静的游历越走越远，
故人何处Where are my old friends now?老朋友们在哪里呢？
寒窗梦里Dreaming by a cold window,在寒冷的窗下做梦，
犹记经行旧时路I still remember the roads I used to walk.还记得从前走过的那些路。
连昌约略无多柳At the old palace, I suppose, few willows are left.旧日宫殿那里，大概已经没剩几棵柳树了。
第一是Hardest of all最难受的是，
难听夜雨is listening to the rain at night.听不得夜里的雨声。
谩惊回凄悄I wake with a start for nothing, into cold silence,白白地被惊醒，四下凄凉寂静，
相看烛影and face only the candle's shadow,只能和烛影相对，
拥衾谁语wrapped in my quilt. Who is there to talk to?裹着被子，又能和谁说话？
张绪Like Zhang Xu of old,我像当年的张绪，
归何暮why have I come back so late?为什么回来得这么晚？
半零落Half of my friends have fallen away;老朋友已经零落了一大半，
依依断桥鸥鹭only the gulls and egrets by the Broken Bridge still linger.只有断桥边的鸥鹭，还恋恋不舍地留着。
天涯倦旅A weary traveler at the edge of the world,我这个在天涯走累了的旅人，
此时心事良苦my heart is very bitter now.这时候心里非常痛苦。
只愁重洒西州泪I only fear I will shed tears again, as Yang Tan did for those he lost,只怕又要像羊昙那样，为故人洒泪，
问杜曲and I want to ask about the great old houses:想问问那些名门旧宅，
人家在否are the families still there?那里的人家还在不在？
恐翠袖I fear that the lady in green sleeves,只怕那穿着绿袖的佳人，
正天寒in this bitter cold,在这寒冷的天气里，
犹倚梅花那树is still leaning against that plum tree, waiting.还倚着那棵梅花树等待。

Words字词注释

孤云gū yún: gū yún: a lone cloud. The poet uses it for himself, drifting everywhere.孤云：一片孤单的云，作者用来比自己四处漂泊。
清游qīng yóu: qīng yóu: a quiet journey.清游：清静的游历。
故人gù rén: gù rén: old friends.故人：老朋友。
经行jīng xíng: jīng xíng: to walk along, to pass by.经行：走过。
连昌lián chāng: lián chāng: Lianchang Palace, a Tang royal palace that fell into ruin when the Tang declined. Here it stands for the palaces of Lin'an, the Southern Song capital.连昌：连昌宫，唐代的一座皇家行宫，唐朝衰落后荒废了。这里借指南宋都城临安的宫殿。
约略yuē lüè: yuē lüè: roughly, about.约略：大概。
第一是dì yī shì: dì yī shì: the most ... of all is.第一是：最……的是。
谩màn: màn: in vain.谩：白白地。
惊回jīng huí: jīng huí: startled awake.惊回：被惊醒。
凄悄qī qiǎo: qī qiǎo: cold and silent.凄悄：凄凉寂静。
拥衾yōng qīn: yōng qīn: wrapped in a quilt. Qīn means quilt.拥衾：裹着被子。衾，被子。
张绪zhāng xù: zhāng xù: Zhang Xu, a graceful gentleman of the Southern Qi. The emperor once said the willows were as charming as Zhang Xu in his youth. The poet compares himself to him.张绪：南朝齐的名士，风度潇洒，皇帝曾夸柳树风流可爱，像张绪年轻的时候。作者用他来比自己。
归何暮guī hé mù: guī hé mù: why come home so late?归何暮：为什么回来得这么晚。
零落líng luò: líng luò: to fall and scatter. Here, old friends who have died or gone away.零落：凋落，散落。这里指老朋友们死的死、散的散。
依依yī yī: yī yī: lingering, reluctant to leave.依依：恋恋不舍的样子。
断桥duàn qiáo: duàn qiáo: the Broken Bridge on West Lake in Hangzhou.断桥：杭州西湖上的一座桥。
鸥鹭ōu lù: ōu lù: gulls and egrets, waterside birds.鸥鹭：海鸥和白鹭，水边的鸟。
倦旅juàn lǚ: juàn lǚ: a weary traveler.倦旅：走累了的旅人。
良苦liáng kǔ: liáng kǔ: very bitter. Liáng here means very.良苦：非常痛苦。良，很。
西州泪xī zhōu lèi: xī zhōu lèi: tears at Xizhou. After Xie An of the Eastern Jin died, his nephew Yang Tan never again passed the Xizhou gate. Once, drunk, he walked there by mistake and wept bitterly. The phrase came to mean grief for a loved one who has died.西州泪：东晋谢安死后，他的外甥羊昙再也不走西州门。一次喝醉了误走到那里，痛哭而去。后来用“西州泪”表示怀念死去的亲友。
杜曲dù qū: dù qū: a place south of Tang Chang'an where many great families lived. Here it stands for the old noble families of Lin'an.杜曲：唐代长安城南的地方，许多大户人家住在那里。这里借指临安旧日的名门人家。
在否zài fǒu: zài fǒu: still there or not.在否：还在不在。
翠袖cuì xiù: cuì xiù: green sleeves, meaning a woman. Du Fu's poem "The Fair Lady" has her in thin green sleeves in the cold, leaning on tall bamboo at dusk.翠袖：绿色的衣袖，指女子。杜甫《佳人》写过：“天寒翠袖薄，日暮倚修竹。”
那树nà shù: nà shù: that one tree.那树：那一棵树。

How to read it读音

谩màn: Here the character means the same as màn, in vain, and is read màn. Read mán it means to deceive, which is not the sense here.“谩”这里同“漫”，意思是徒然、白白地，读 màn。读 mán 时是欺骗的意思，和这里不同。
悄qiǎo: In qī qiǎo (cold and silent) it is read qiǎo.“凄悄”是凄凉寂静，“悄”读 qiǎo。
重chóng: In chóng sǎ (to shed again) it means again and is read chóng.“重洒”是再一次洒，“重”读 chóng。
曲qū: Dù qū is a place name, and the second character is read qū.“杜曲”是地名，“曲”读 qū。

Background创作背景

This lyric was written after the fall of the Southern Song. The original has a short preface before it. It says, roughly, that the poet was wandering alone in the Wanzhu Mountains, fallen leaves covered his doorstep, and in his sorrow he felt grief for his lost country. At the time he was staying at a mountain house called Jicui in Yongdong, around today's Ningbo in Zhejiang. The old capital Lin'an, today's Hangzhou, was the poet's home, and the old palace, the Broken Bridge and the great houses in the poem all point to it. The exact year is not known.

这首词写在南宋灭亡以后。原词前面有一段小序，大意是：作者独自在万竹山中游玩，门前落满树叶，心里很愁，生出了国家灭亡的悲伤；当时他住在甬东的积翠山舍。甬东在今天浙江宁波一带。南宋都城临安（今杭州）是作者的家乡，词中的“连昌”“断桥”“杜曲”都和旧都有关。具体写作年份说不清楚。

The poet作者

Zhang Yan (1248 to about 1320) was a lyric poet at the end of the Southern Song. He was a descendant of the famous general Zhang Jun, and his family had once been very rich and powerful. After the Song fell, the family was ruined, and he wandered from place to place in hardship. His lyrics are clear and elegant, often about the pain of a lost country and a life on the road. He also wrote a book on how to write lyrics, called Ci Yuan, "The Sources of Ci".

张炎（1248—约1320），字叔夏，号玉田，南宋末年的词人。他是南宋名将张俊的后代，家里原来非常富贵。南宋灭亡后，家道败落，他四处漂泊，生活困苦。他的词写得清雅，常写亡国之痛和漂泊之苦。他还写了一本讲作词方法的书，叫《词源》。

The mood意境

On the surface this lyric misses old friends; underneath it is grief for a fallen country. In the first stanza the poet calls himself a lone cloud far away, still walking the old roads in his dreams. Few willows are left at the old palace, which tells us the capital has fallen into ruin. At night the rain wakes him, all is cold and still, and only the candle's shadow keeps him company. There is no one to talk to. The second stanza uses several old stories. Zhang Xu says he has come back too late. The tears at Xizhou say his friends are gone. The great houses make him ask who is still there. The last line is the most moving: in the freezing cold, the lady in green sleeves still leans against the plum tree. The picture is cold and beautiful. It seems to say that some people still hold on to old loyalties and will not change.

这首词表面写思念老朋友，深处写亡国的痛。上片作者把自己比作万里孤云，梦里还在走旧日的路。旧宫殿柳树稀少，说明都城已经荒凉。夜里听雨被惊醒，四周冷冷清清，只有烛影陪着他，想说话也没人听。下片用了好几个典故：张绪说自己回来太晚，西州泪说朋友已经不在，杜曲问旧日人家是否还在。最后一句最动人：天寒地冻，那位翠袖佳人还倚着梅花树。这个画面又冷又美，好像在说，总还有人守着旧日的情义，不肯改变。