Tang poem · seven-character regulated verse唐诗 · 七言律诗

yǒng咏huái怀gǔ古jì迹wǔ五shǒu首·qí其wǔ五

dù杜fǔ甫Du Fu · Tang唐

Thoughts on Ancient Sites, No. 5 of Five

zhū诸gě葛dà大míng名chuí垂yǔ宇zhòu宙

zōng宗chén臣yí遗xiàng像sù肃qīng清gāo高

sān三fēn分gē割jù据yū纡chóu筹cè策

wàn万gǔ古yún云xiāo霄yì一yǔ羽máo毛

bó伯zhòng仲zhī之jiān间jiàn见yī伊lǚ吕

zhǐ指huī挥ruò若dìng定shī失xiāo萧cáo曹

yùn运yí移hàn汉zuò祚zhōng终nán难fù复

zhì志jué决shēn身jiān歼jūn军wù务láo劳

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

In the corpus, line seven reads "fu yi Han zuo nan hui fu". The common text, as in Three Hundred Tang Poems, reads "yun yi Han zuo zhong nan fu". The meaning is nearly the same.

资料库本第七句作“福移汉祚难恢复”。通行本（如《唐诗三百首》）作“运移汉祚终难复”。

Line by line逐句翻译

诸葛大名垂宇宙Zhuge Liang's great name lives on through heaven and earth;诸葛亮的大名流传天地之间，
宗臣遗像肃清高the statue of this revered minister fills us with respect for his pure, high spirit.这位千古名臣的遗像让人肃然起敬，觉得他清白高尚。
三分割据纡筹策The land divided in three: he planned it with endless care.天下三分的局面，是他费尽心思谋划出来的，
万古云霄一羽毛He is a lone phoenix in the clouds, unmatched through all the ages.他像云霄中的一只鸾凤，千秋万代无人能比。
伯仲之间见伊吕Set beside Yi Yin and Lü Shang, he is their equal;和伊尹、吕尚相比，他们不分高下，
指挥若定失萧曹so calm and sure in command that Xiao He and Cao Can fall short.他指挥作战从容镇定，萧何、曹参都比不上他。
运移汉祚终难复But fortune had turned, and the Han could never be restored;可是大势已去，汉朝的国运终究难以恢复，
志决身歼军务劳firm of will, he died with his army, worn out by war.他意志坚定，却因军务太劳累死在军中。

Words字词注释

诸葛zhū gě: Zhuge: Zhuge Liang, prime minister of the Shu Han state in the Three Kingdoms period.诸葛：诸葛亮，三国时蜀汉的丞相。
垂宇宙chuí yǔ zhòu: chui yu zhou: handed down through heaven and earth, never to fade.垂宇宙：流传在天地之间，永远不会消失。
宗臣zōng chén: zong chen: a great minister honoured by all later ages.宗臣：后人尊敬、景仰的大臣。
遗像yí xiàng: yi xiang: a statue or portrait left behind; here, Zhuge Liang's statue in his temple.遗像：留下来的画像、塑像，这里指祠庙里诸葛亮的像。
肃清高sù qīng gāo: su qing gao: it fills you with respect for his pure and lofty character.肃清高：让人肃然起敬，觉得他品格清白高尚。
三分割据sān fēn gē jù: san fen ge ju: the land split into three states, Wei, Shu and Wu, each holding its own part.三分割据：天下分成魏、蜀、吴三国，各占一块地方。
纡筹策yū chóu cè: yu chou ce: worked hard to plan and plot. Yu means winding, here meaning great pains.纡筹策：费尽心思地出谋划策。纡，曲折，这里指用心良苦。
万古云霄一羽毛wàn gǔ yún xiāo yì yǔ máo: wan gu yun xiao yi yu mao: he is like a single phoenix soaring high in the clouds, unmatched in all the ages.万古云霄一羽毛：他像高高飞在云霄的一只鸾凤，千秋万代只有他一个。
伯仲之间bó zhòng zhī jiān: bo zhong zhi jian: about equal, hard to rank. Bo is the eldest brother, zhong the second.伯仲之间：差不多，不分高下。伯是老大，仲是老二。
伊吕yī lǚ: Yi Lü: Yi Yin and Lü Shang (Jiang Taigong), famous ministers who helped found the Shang and Zhou dynasties.伊吕：伊尹和吕尚（姜太公），分别辅佐商汤和周武王建立王朝的名臣。
指挥若定zhǐ huī ruò dìng: zhi hui ruo ding: commanding his armies calm and sure.指挥若定：指挥打仗从容镇定，胸有成竹。
失萧曹shī xiāo cáo: shi Xiao Cao: makes Xiao He and Cao Can fall short. They were famous ministers of Liu Bang, founder of the Han.失萧曹：使萧何、曹参都比不上。萧曹是帮助汉高祖刘邦的名相。
运移yùn yí: yun yi: fortune has moved on; the tide has turned.运移：国运已经转移，大势已去。
汉祚hàn zuò: Han zuo: the throne and fortune of the Han. Shu Han saw itself as the heir of the Han dynasty.汉祚：汉朝的皇位和国运。蜀汉自认为是汉朝的继承者。
志决身歼zhì jué shēn jiān: zhi jue shen jian: firm in purpose, yet in the end he died with his army. Jian here means to perish.志决身歼：意志坚定，最后却死在军中。歼，死亡。
军务劳jūn wù láo: jun wu lao: worn out by the work of war.军务劳：因为军中事务太劳累。

How to read it读音

葛gě: In the double surname Zhuge this character is read gě. As the name of a plant it is read gé.“诸葛”是复姓，“葛”读 gě。作植物名“葛”时读 gé。

Background创作背景

In 766 Du Fu was living in Kuizhou, today's Fengjie in Chongqing. The area had many historic sites, and he wrote "Thoughts on Ancient Sites", five poems remembering Yu Xin, Song Yu, Wang Zhaojun, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. This fifth poem is about Zhuge Liang. It is usually thought that Du Fu wrote it after visiting the temple to Zhuge Liang in Kuizhou. In praising Zhuge Liang, he also voices his own sorrow at dreams that could not be fulfilled.

唐代宗大历元年（766年），杜甫住在夔州（今天重庆奉节）。这里有许多古迹，他写了《咏怀古迹五首》，分别怀念庾信、宋玉、王昭君、刘备和诸葛亮。这是第五首，写诸葛亮。一般认为杜甫是在拜访夔州的诸葛亮祠庙后写下的。他借赞美诸葛亮，也说出自己壮志难酬的感慨。

The poet作者

Du Fu (712–770) was a great Tang poet, called the Sage of Poetry. He deeply admired Zhuge Liang and wrote several poems about him, including "The Prime Minister of Shu" and "The Eight-Formation Diagram". All his life Du Fu wanted to serve his country but never got the chance, so he felt strongly about Zhuge Liang's fate: dying before his great campaign could succeed.

杜甫（712—770），唐代大诗人，被称为“诗圣”。他非常敬佩诸葛亮，写过《蜀相》《八阵图》等好几首诗怀念他。杜甫自己一生想为国家出力，却始终没有机会，所以对诸葛亮“出师未捷身先死”的命运特别有感触。

The mood意境

Nearly every line of this poem praises Zhuge Liang, and the praise keeps climbing. First his fame fills the world, then his statue commands respect. Next, he planned the three-way split of the land and is like a lone phoenix in the clouds. Then he is compared with the most famous wise ministers of old: equal to Yi Yin and Lü Shang, better than Xiao He and Cao Can. The last two lines suddenly turn. Even such a great man could not save the Han, and in the end he worked himself to death in the army. The higher the praise, the heavier the sigh at the end. The poet admires him and grieves for him.

这首诗几乎每一句都在夸诸葛亮，而且越夸越高。先说他名满天下，再说他的像让人敬重；然后说三国局面是他谋划的，他像云中独飞的鸾凤；又拿古代最有名的贤臣来比，说他和伊尹、吕尚一样，比萧何、曹参还强。最后两句突然转了：这么了不起的人，也挽回不了汉朝的命运，最后累死在军中。前面夸得越高，最后的叹息就越重。诗人敬佩他，也为他惋惜。