Tang poem · seven-character old-style poem唐诗 · 七言古诗

bā八yuè月shí十wǔ五yè夜zèng赠zhāng张gōng功cáo曹

hán韩yù愈Han Yu · Tang唐

On the Night of the Fifteenth of the Eighth Month, for Zhang the Revenue Officer

xiān纤yún云sì四juǎn卷tiān天wú无hé河

qīng清fēng风chuī吹kōng空yuè月shū舒bō波

shā沙píng平shuǐ水xī息shēng声yǐng影jué绝

yì一bēi杯xiāng相zhǔ属jūn君dāng当gē歌

jūn君gē歌shēng声suān酸cí辞qiě且kǔ苦

bù不néng能tīng听zhōng终lèi泪rú如yǔ雨

dòng洞tíng庭lián连tiān天jiǔ九yí疑gāo高

jiāo蛟lóng龙chū出mò没xīng猩wú鼯háo号

shí十shēng生jiǔ九sǐ死dào到guān官suǒ所

yōu幽jū居mò默mò默rú如cáng藏táo逃

xià下chuáng床wèi畏shé蛇shí食wèi畏yào药

hǎi海qì气shī湿zhé蛰xūn熏xīng腥sāo臊

zuó昨zhě者zhōu州qián前chuí捶dà大gǔ鼓

sì嗣huáng皇jì继shèng圣dēng登kuí夔gāo皋

shè赦shū书yí一rì日xíng行wàn万lǐ里

zuì罪cóng从dà大pì辟jiē皆chú除sǐ死

qiān迁zhě者zhuī追huí回liú流zhě者huán还

dí涤xiá瑕dàng荡gòu垢qīng清cháo朝bān班

zhōu州jiā家shēn申míng名shǐ使jiā家yì抑

kǎn坎kě轲zhǐ只dé得yí移jīng荆mán蛮

pàn判sī司bēi卑guān官bù不kān堪shuō说

wèi未miǎn免chuí捶chǔ楚chén尘āi埃jiān间

tóng同shí时bèi辈liú流duō多shàng上dào道

tiān天lù路yōu幽xiǎn险nán难zhuī追pān攀

jūn君gē歌qiě且xiū休tīng听wǒ我gē歌

wǒ我gē歌jīn今yǔ与jūn君shū殊kē科

yì一nián年míng明yuè月jīn今xiāo宵duō多

rén人shēng生yóu由mìng命fēi非yóu由tā他

yǒu有jiǔ酒bù不yǐn饮nài奈míng明hé何

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus text is missing the last three lines, which are restored here from the common text. A few old or machine-converted character forms in the corpus (for cup, beat, Gao, back and only) are written in their standard forms here.

语料本缺了最后三句“一年明月今宵多，人生由命非由他，有酒不饮奈明何”，这里按通行本补上。语料本的“桮、搥、臯、廻、祗”是旧字形或繁简转换的写法，这里写作“杯、捶、皋、回、只”。

Line by line逐句翻译

纤云四卷天无河Thin clouds roll away on all sides; the Milky Way cannot be seen.细细的云向四面散开，天上看不见银河，
清风吹空月舒波A clear wind sweeps the sky, and moonlight spreads like waves.清风吹过天空，月光像水波一样铺开。
沙平水息声影绝The sand is flat, the water still, no sound, no moving shadow.沙滩平平，水面静静，没有声音，也没有影子，
一杯相属君当歌I raise a cup to you; now you should sing.我端起一杯酒劝你喝，你该唱首歌。
君歌声酸辞且苦Your voice is bitter and your words are sad;你的歌声辛酸，歌词悲苦，
不能听终泪如雨before the song is done my tears fall like rain.我听不完就泪如雨下。
洞庭连天九疑高(You sing:) "Dongting Lake meets the sky, the Jiuyi Mountains stand high,（你唱道：）“洞庭湖水连着天，九疑山高高耸立，
蛟龙出没猩鼯号dragons rise and sink in the water, apes and flying squirrels howl.蛟龙在水里出没，猩猩和鼯鼠在哀叫。
十生九死到官所We barely lived to reach our posts,九死一生才到了做官的地方，
幽居默默如藏逃and lived there silent and hidden, like runaways.住在偏僻的地方默默无声，像逃犯一样躲藏。
下床畏蛇食畏药Getting out of bed we feared snakes; eating, we feared poison;下床怕踩到蛇，吃饭怕被下毒，
海气湿蛰熏腥臊the damp sea air was full of creatures and foul smells.海边潮湿的空气里藏着虫子，又腥又臭。
昨者州前捶大鼓The other day the great drum was beaten before the prefecture:前些日子，州衙门前敲起了大鼓，
嗣皇继圣登夔皋a new emperor had taken the throne and would raise up wise ministers.新皇帝登基，要任用贤良的大臣。
赦书一日行万里The pardon traveled ten thousand li in a day;赦免的文书一天就传了上万里，
罪从大辟皆除死everyone, even those condemned to die, was spared.从死罪往下，所有犯人都免了死。
迁者追回流者还Demoted officials were called back and exiles returned,贬官被召回，流放的人也能回家，
涤瑕荡垢清朝班old stains were washed away and the court made clean.洗去过去的污点，让朝廷变得清明。
州家申名使家抑Our prefect sent up our names, but the inspector above held them back;州里的长官把我们的名字报上去，上面的观察使却压了下来，
坎轲只得移荆蛮our luck was bad, and we were only moved to the land of Jing.命运不顺，我们只能调到荆蛮之地。
判司卑官不堪说A low post like pàn sī is too painful to speak of;当个判司这样的小官，苦处说也说不完，
未免捶楚尘埃间we cannot escape being beaten in the dust.免不了在尘土里挨上司的板子。
同时辈流多上道Many exiled with us are already on the road back,和我们一起被贬的人，很多都已上路回京了，
天路幽险难追攀but the road to the court is dark and steep, and we cannot catch up."可通往朝廷的路又暗又险，我们追也追不上。”
君歌且休听我歌Stop your song for now and listen to mine;你先别唱了，听我唱一首，
我歌今与君殊科my song today is not like yours.我的歌和你的不一样。
一年明月今宵多Of all the year's bright moons, tonight's is the fullest;一年里的明月，今晚最圆最亮，
人生由命非由他life is ruled by fate, and nothing else;人生由命运决定，不是由别的什么，
有酒不饮奈明何if we have wine and do not drink, how can we face this bright moon?有酒不喝，怎么对得起这明月呢？

Words字词注释

纤云xiān yún: xiān yún: thin, wispy clouds.纤云：细细的、薄薄的云。
四卷sì juǎn: sì juǎn: rolled away on all sides.四卷：向四面卷走、散开。
天无河tiān wú hé: tiān wú hé: the Milky Way cannot be seen, because the moon is so bright.天无河：天上看不见银河，因为月亮太亮了。
月舒波yuè shū bō: yuè shū bō: moonlight spreads out like waves.月舒波：月光像水波一样铺开。
水息shuǐ xī: shuǐ xī: the water lies still.水息：水面平静不动。
声影绝shēng yǐng jué: shēng yǐng jué: no sound, no moving shadow.声影绝：没有一点声音，也没有一点影子在动。
相属xiāng zhǔ: xiāng zhǔ: urging each other to drink. Zhǔ means to offer wine.相属：互相劝酒。属，劝人喝酒。
声酸辞且苦shēng suān cí qiě kǔ: shēng suān cí qiě kǔ: the voice is bitter and the words are sad.声酸辞且苦：声音辛酸，歌词也很悲苦。
洞庭dòng tíng: Dòngtíng: Dongting Lake, in today's Hunan.洞庭：洞庭湖，在今湖南。
九疑jiǔ yí: Jiǔyí: the Jiuyi Mountains in southern Hunan, where the sage king Shun is said to be buried.九疑：九疑山，在今湖南南部，传说舜葬在这里。
蛟龙jiāo lóng: jiāo lóng: a dragon of legend that brings floods.蛟龙：传说中能发洪水的龙。
猩鼯xīng wú: xīng wú: apes and flying squirrels. A flying squirrel glides from tree to tree.猩鼯：猩猩和鼯鼠。鼯鼠是一种能在树间滑翔的松鼠。
十生九死shí shēng jiǔ sǐ: shí shēng jiǔ sǐ: of ten who go, nine die; the journey is deadly.十生九死：十个人里九个会死，说路途非常危险。
官所guān suǒ: guān suǒ: the post where one serves as an official.官所：做官的地方。
如藏逃rú cáng táo: rú cáng táo: hiding like a runaway.如藏逃：像逃犯一样躲藏着。
食畏药shí wèi yào: shí wèi yào: afraid of poison in the food. Yào here means poison.食畏药：吃饭怕被人下毒。药，毒药。
海气湿蛰hǎi qì shī zhé: hǎi qì shī zhé: near the sea, the damp air is full of hidden insects and creatures. Zhé means creatures in hiding.海气湿蛰：南方靠海，潮湿的空气里藏着各种虫子。蛰，藏着的虫。
熏腥臊xūn xīng sāo: xūn xīng sāo: giving off a fishy, foul smell.熏腥臊：散发出腥臭难闻的气味。
昨者zuó zhě: zuó zhě: the other day.昨者：前些日子。
捶大鼓chuí dà gǔ: chuí dà gǔ: beating the great drum, as was done when a general pardon was announced.捶大鼓：敲大鼓。古代宣布大赦时要敲鼓。
嗣皇继圣sì huáng jì shèng: sì huáng jì shèng: the new emperor took the throne. Sì huáng means the heir who became emperor, here Emperor Shunzong.嗣皇继圣：新皇帝继承了皇位。嗣皇，继位的皇帝，这里指唐顺宗。
登夔皋dēng kuí gāo: dēng Kuí Gāo: raising up wise ministers like Kui and Gao Yao, two good ministers of the sage king Shun in legend.登夔皋：任用像夔和皋陶那样的贤臣。夔和皋陶是传说中舜时的两位好大臣。
赦书shè shū: shè shū: the emperor's decree of pardon.赦书：皇帝宣布赦免罪人的文书。
罪从大辟zuì cóng dà pì: zuì cóng dà pì: every crime from the death penalty on down. Dà pì means death penalty.罪从大辟：从死罪往下的各种罪。大辟，死刑。
除死chú sǐ: chú sǐ: spared from death.除死：免去死罪。
迁者qiān zhě: qiān zhě: officials sent away to posts far from the capital as punishment.迁者：被贬到外地的官员。
流者liú zhě: liú zhě: people sent into exile.流者：被流放的人。
涤瑕荡垢dí xiá dàng gòu: dí xiá dàng gòu: washing away stains and dirt, meaning clearing old wrongs.涤瑕荡垢：洗去污点和脏东西，比喻清除过去的错误。
清朝班qīng cháo bān: qīng cháo bān: making the ranks of court officials clean and fair.清朝班：让朝廷的官员队伍变得清明。
州家申名zhōu jiā shēn míng: zhōu jiā shēn míng: the prefect sent up our names, asking that we be called back.州家申名：州里的长官把我们的名字报上去，请求让我们回京。
使家抑shǐ jiā yì: shǐ jiā yì: the regional inspector above him held it back.使家抑：上面的观察使把这件事压了下来。
坎轲kǎn kě: kǎn kě: bumpy, full of hardship; a hard road in life.坎轲：同“坎坷”，道路不平，比喻命运不顺。
荆蛮jīng mán: Jīng mán: the Jingzhou area, meaning Jiangling (today's Jingzhou in Hubei). Old northerners called the south by this name.荆蛮：指荆州一带，就是江陵（今湖北荆州）。古时中原人这样称呼南方。
判司pàn sī: pàn sī: a low official handling daily business in a prefecture.判司：州府里管具体事务的小官。
不堪说bù kān shuō: bù kān shuō: too painful to talk about.不堪说：说起来都难受。
捶楚chuí chǔ: chuí chǔ: beating with rods. A low official could be beaten by his superiors.捶楚：用棍子、荆条打人。小官犯错会被上司责打。
辈流bèi liú: bèi liú: others exiled at the same time.辈流：同一批被贬的人。
上道shàng dào: shàng dào: set out on the road back to the capital.上道：上路回京城了。
天路tiān lù: tiān lù: the road to the capital and the court.天路：去京城、去朝廷的路。
追攀zhuī pān: zhuī pān: to catch up and climb up.追攀：追上去，攀上去。
殊科shū kē: shū kē: different. Kē means a kind or class.殊科：不一样。科，类别。
今宵多jīn xiāo duō: jīn xiāo duō: tonight the moon is at its fullest and brightest.今宵多：今天晚上的月亮最圆最亮。
奈明何nài míng hé: nài míng hé: what about this bright moon? That is, we would let the moon down.奈明何：对得起这明月吗？意思是辜负了明月。

How to read it读音

属zhǔ: Xiāng zhǔ means to urge each other to drink, so it is read zhǔ, not shǔ.“相属”是互相劝酒，读 zhǔ，不读 shǔ。
号háo: Háo means animals howling, so it is read háo.“号”是野兽哀叫，读 háo。
辟pì: Dà pì means the death penalty, so it is read pì.“大辟”是死刑，读 pì。
还huán: Liú zhě huán means the exiles come back, so it is read huán.“流者还”是被流放的人回来，读 huán。
朝cháo: Cháo bān means the ranks of court officials, so it is read cháo.“朝班”是朝廷官员的行列，读 cháo。
轲kě: Kǎn kě is the same word as "bumpy, full of hardship" and is read kǎn kě. On its own this character is read kē.“坎轲”同“坎坷”，读 kǎn kě。“轲”单用时读 kē。

Background创作背景

In 803 Han Yu and Zhang Shu were both censors at court. Because they spoke honestly in a report to the throne, they were sent away to the south: Han Yu to Yangshan (in today's Guangdong) and Zhang Shu to Linwu (in today's Hunan). In 805 a new emperor, Shunzong, took the throne and pardoned the whole land. The two waited in Chenzhou (in today's Hunan) for new posts, but were only moved to low jobs in Jiangling: Han Yu as a law officer and Zhang Shu as a revenue officer. On the Mid-Autumn night that year, they drank and watched the moon in Chenzhou, and Han Yu wrote this poem for Zhang Shu.

贞元十九年（803年），韩愈和张署都在朝廷做监察御史，因为上书说了实话，被贬到南方：韩愈去了阳山（今属广东），张署去了临武（今属湖南）。805年新皇帝唐顺宗即位，大赦天下。他们在郴州（今属湖南）等待新的任命，结果只被调到江陵府做小官：韩愈当法曹参军，张署当功曹参军。这一年中秋夜，两人在郴州喝酒赏月，韩愈写了这首诗送给张署。

The poet作者

Han Yu (768–824), also called Tuizhi, was a Tang writer and thinker, first of the Eight Great Prose Masters of Tang and Song. He was upright and dared to speak the truth, and he was sent away from the court several times. His poems like bold, unusual words and have great force. Here he lets his friend's song tell of their suffering, and then uses his own song to cheer his friend up.

韩愈（768—824），字退之，唐代文学家、思想家，“唐宋八大家”之首。他为人正直，敢说真话，一生几次被贬。他的诗喜欢用奇特的字句，气势很大。这首诗借朋友的歌说出两人的苦，最后用自己的歌劝朋友想开一点。

The mood意境

The poem opens in deep quiet. The clouds have gone, the wind is clear, moonlight spreads like water, and there is no sound at all. On such a night, two exiled friends sit drinking. Then most of the poem is Zhang Shu's song. On the road there were lakes, high mountains, dragons and strange beasts. At their posts they feared snakes, poison and damp. At last a pardon came, but someone blocked them, and they got only small new jobs. Hearing these troubles would make anyone cry. Finally Han Yu says: stop your song and hear mine. Tonight the moon is fullest, fate is not in our hands, so if there is wine, let us drink. He sounds carefree, but inside he is hurting too.

诗一开头特别安静：云散了，风清了，月光像水一样铺开，四周一点声音也没有。在这样的月夜，两个被贬的朋友对坐喝酒。接着，大半首诗都是张署的歌：路上有湖、有高山、有蛟龙和怪兽；到了地方，怕蛇、怕毒、怕潮湿；好不容易遇上大赦，却又被人压住，只换了个小官。这些苦，让人听了都要掉泪。最后韩愈说：你别唱了，听我的。今晚月亮最圆，命运不由人，有酒就喝吧。话说得很洒脱，可心里其实也很苦。