Tang poem · seven-character regulated verse唐诗 · 七言律诗

yǒng咏huái怀gǔ古jì迹wǔ五shǒu首·qí其sì四

dù杜fǔ甫Du Fu · Tang唐

Thoughts on Ancient Sites, Five Poems: No. 4

shǔ蜀zhǔ主kuī窥wú吴xìng幸sān三xiá峡

bēng崩nián年yì亦zài在yǒng永ān安gōng宫

cuì翠huá华xiǎng想xiàng像kōng空shān山lǐ里

yù玉diàn殿xū虚wú无yě野sì寺zhōng中

gǔ古miào庙shān杉sōng松cháo巢shuǐ水hè鹤

suì岁shí时fú伏là腊zǒu走cūn村wēng翁

wǔ武hóu侯cí祠wū屋cháng常lín邻jìn近

yì一tǐ体jūn君chén臣jì祭sì祀tóng同

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

Line by line逐句翻译

蜀主窥吴幸三峡The ruler of Shu set out against Wu and came to the Three Gorges.蜀主刘备想攻打吴国，来到了三峡，
崩年亦在永安宫In the year he died, he too was here, in Yong'an Palace.他去世的那一年，也是在这永安宫里。
翠华想像空山里His royal banners can now only be pictured in these empty hills.当年皇帝的仪仗，只能在空山里想象了，
玉殿虚无野寺中The splendid palace is gone; only a temple in the wilds remains.华美的宫殿早已不在，只剩荒野里的寺庙。
古庙杉松巢水鹤In the fir and pine trees of the old temple, water cranes build their nests.古庙里的杉树和松树上，水鹤在做窝，
岁时伏腊走村翁At the summer and winter festivals, old village men come to make offerings.每年夏冬两季的祭日，村里的老人都赶来祭拜。
武侯祠屋常邻近Zhuge Liang's shrine has always stood close by.诸葛亮的祠堂一直就在旁边，
一体君臣祭祀同Ruler and minister were of one mind, and they receive offerings together.君臣同心，人们祭祀他们也总在一起。

Words字词注释

蜀主shǔ zhǔ: shǔ zhǔ: the ruler of Shu, Liu Bei.蜀主：蜀汉的君主刘备。
窥吴kuī wú: kuī wú: to set his eyes on Wu, planning to attack it.窥吴：想要攻打吴国。窥，暗中打主意。
幸xìng: xìng: a word for an emperor's journey to a place.幸：皇帝到某个地方去，叫“幸”。
三峡sān xiá: sān xiá: the Three Gorges of the Yangtze, between today's Chongqing and Hubei.三峡：长江三峡，在今天重庆和湖北之间。
崩年bēng nián: bēng nián: the year he died. Bēng is the word for an emperor's death.崩年：去世的那一年。皇帝死叫“崩”。
永安宫yǒng ān gōng: yǒng ān gōng: Yong'an Palace. After his great defeat by Wu, Liu Bei fell back to Baidi and stayed in this palace, dying here the next year, in 223. Its site is in today's Fengjie, Chongqing.永安宫：刘备伐吴大败后退到白帝城，住在永安宫，第二年（223年）死在这里。故址在今天重庆奉节。
翠华cuì huá: cuì huá: a banner decorated with kingfisher feathers, carried on an emperor's journeys. Here it means Liu Bei's royal train.翠华：用翠鸟羽毛装饰的旗子，是皇帝出行用的，这里指刘备的仪仗。
想像xiǎng xiàng: xiǎng xiàng: can only be pictured in the mind.想像：只能在想象中看到。
玉殿yù diàn: yù diàn: a splendid palace, here Yong'an Palace.玉殿：华美的宫殿，指永安宫。
虚无xū wú: xū wú: gone, no longer there.虚无：不存在了。
野寺yě sì: yě sì: a temple in the wilds. Du Fu's own note says the old palace site had become a temple.野寺：荒野里的寺庙。杜甫原注说，永安宫的旧址已经改成了寺庙。
古庙gǔ miào: gǔ miào: the old temple of Liu Bei, also called the temple of the First Ruler.古庙：指刘备庙，也叫先主庙。
杉松shān sōng: shān sōng: fir and pine trees.杉松：杉树和松树。
巢水鹤cháo shuǐ hè: cháo shuǐ hè: water cranes build their nests there.巢水鹤：水鹤在树上做窝。
岁时suì shí: suì shí: the seasons and festivals of the year.岁时：一年中的节令。
伏腊fú là: fú là: the summer and winter festivals, two important times for offerings in old China.伏腊：伏日和腊日，古代夏天和冬天两次重要的祭祀节日。
走村翁zǒu cūn wēng: zǒu cūn wēng: old village men come to make offerings.走村翁：村里的老人们赶来祭拜。
武侯祠wǔ hóu cí: wǔ hóu cí: the shrine of Zhuge Liang. He was made Marquis of Wuxiang, so he was called Marquis Wu.武侯祠：诸葛亮的祠堂。诸葛亮被封为武乡侯，所以叫武侯。
常邻近cháng lín jìn: cháng lín jìn: always close by.常邻近：一直挨在旁边。
一体君臣yì tǐ jūn chén: yī tǐ jūn chén: ruler and minister as one body, of one mind.一体君臣：君主和臣子像一个人一样同心。
祭祀同jì sì tóng: jì sì tóng: people make offerings to both together.祭祀同：人们同时祭拜他们。

How to read it读音

杉shān: In everyday speech this character is often read shā; in this phrase it is usually read shān.“杉”在“杉树”里口语常读 shā，“杉松”这里一般读 shān。

Background创作背景

In 766, Du Fu was living in Kuizhou, today's Fengjie in Chongqing. He visited ancient sites there and nearby and wrote five poems on them, about Yu Xin, Song Yu, Wang Zhaojun, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. This is the fourth, about the temple of Liu Bei in Kuizhou. Liu Bei died here in Yong'an Palace after his failed war against Wu. Right next to his temple stood the shrine of Zhuge Liang. Seeing ruler and minister honored together moved Du Fu deeply.

唐代宗大历元年（766年），杜甫住在夔州，就是今天重庆奉节。他看了当地和附近的古迹，写了《咏怀古迹》五首，分别写庾信、宋玉、王昭君、刘备和诸葛亮。这是第四首，写夔州的刘备庙。刘备当年伐吴失败，就死在这里的永安宫。庙旁边就是诸葛亮的祠堂，杜甫看到君臣两人一起受人祭拜，十分感慨。

The poet作者

Du Fu (712 to 770) was a great Tang poet, called the Sage of Poetry. In his later years he drifted around Sichuan and Hubei, and lived in Kuizhou for nearly two years, writing many poems. He always hoped to meet a ruler who trusted his ministers as Liu Bei did, so that he could serve the country as Zhuge Liang had. That wish never came true.

杜甫（712—770），唐代大诗人，被称为“诗圣”。晚年他漂泊在四川和湖北一带，在夔州住了将近两年，写了很多诗。他一直希望遇到像刘备那样信任臣子的君主，自己也能像诸葛亮那样为国出力，可这个愿望始终没有实现。

The mood意境

The first four lines are about Liu Bei. He came to the Three Gorges to attack Wu, and in the end he died here. His banners and his palace can now only be imagined; all that is left is a temple in the wilds. Time has washed the hero's deeds away. The third couplet shows the temple in front of Du Fu. Water cranes live in its firs and pines, and it is lonely. Yet at every festival, old men from the village still come to make offerings, so the common people have not forgotten him. The last couplet brings in Zhuge Liang. The shrines of ruler and minister stand side by side, and people honor them together. What Du Fu envied most was this kind of trust between a ruler and his minister. He never met such a ruler himself, so his envy carries a sigh for his own life.

前四句写刘备：他为了攻打吴国来到三峡，最后死在这里；当年的旗帜和宫殿，现在只能想象，只剩一座荒野里的寺庙。英雄的事业，被时间冲得干干净净。第三联写眼前的庙：杉树松树上住着水鹤，很冷清；可每到节日，村里的老人还会来祭拜，说明百姓没有忘记他。最后一联把诸葛亮带了进来：君臣的祠堂挨在一起，人们一起祭拜他们。杜甫最羡慕的，就是这种君臣同心。他自己一辈子没遇到这样的君主，所以这份羡慕里也有自己的叹息。