Tang poem · seven-character old-style poem唐诗 · 七言古诗

shān山shí石

hán韩yù愈Han Yu · Tang唐

Mountain Rocks

shān山shí石luò荦què确xíng行jìng径wēi微

huáng黄hūn昏dào到sì寺biān蝙fú蝠fēi飞

shēng升táng堂zuò坐jiē阶xīn新yǔ雨zú足

bā芭jiāo蕉yè叶dà大zhī栀zǐ子féi肥

sēng僧yán言gǔ古bì壁fó佛huà画hǎo好

yǐ以huǒ火lái来zhào照suǒ所jiàn见xī稀

pū铺chuáng床fú拂xí席zhì置gēng羹fàn饭

shū疏lì粝yì亦zú足bǎo饱wǒ我jī饥

yè夜shēn深jìng静wò卧bǎi百chóng虫jué绝

qīng清yuè月chū出lǐng岭guāng光rù入fēi扉

tiān天míng明dú独qù去wú无dào道lù路

chū出rù入gāo高xià下qióng穷yān烟fēi霏

shān山hóng红jiàn涧bì碧fēn纷làn烂màn漫

shí时jiàn见sōng松lì枥jiē皆shí十wéi围

dāng当liú流chì赤zú足tà踏jiàn涧shí石

shuǐ水shēng声jī激jī激fēng风chuī吹yī衣

rén人shēng生rú如cǐ此zì自kě可lè乐

qǐ岂bì必jú局shù束wéi为rén人jī鞿

jiē嗟zāi哉wú吾dǎng党èr二sān三zǐ子

ān安dé得zhì至lǎo老bú不gèng更guī归

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

This uses the usual simplified forms. The source writes the gardenia with an old form of its name, uses an old form of the character for "coarse", and an older character for "step". The meaning is the same.

这里用通行的简体写法：原始资料的“支子”写作“栀子”，“疎粝”写作“疏粝”，“蹋”写作“踏”。“支子”是栀子的古写法，“蹋”和“踏”意思相同。

Line by line逐句翻译

山石荦确行径微The mountain rocks are big and rough; the path is thin.山石又大又多，高低不平，山路窄窄的。
黄昏到寺蝙蝠飞At dusk I reach the temple, and bats are flying.黄昏时我来到寺庙，蝙蝠在空中飞。
升堂坐阶新雨足I go up to the hall and sit on the steps. A good rain has just fallen.走上殿堂，坐在台阶上，刚下过一场透雨，
芭蕉叶大栀子肥The banana leaves are broad, and the gardenias are full.芭蕉叶子又宽又大，栀子花开得饱满。
僧言古壁佛画好A monk says the Buddha paintings on the old walls are fine.和尚说古墙上的佛像画得很好，
以火来照所见稀He brings a light to show me, but I can see only a little.他拿火来照，我看到的却模模糊糊。
铺床拂席置羹饭He makes my bed, brushes the mat, and sets out soup and rice.他为我铺床、掸席子，摆上汤和饭，
疏粝亦足饱我饥The food is plain, but enough to fill me.饭菜虽然粗糙，也足够让我吃饱。
夜深静卧百虫绝Deep in the night I lie still; the insects have all gone quiet.夜深了，我静静躺着，虫声都停了，
清月出岭光入扉A clear moon rises over the ridge and shines through the door.清亮的月亮从山岭上升起，月光照进门里。
天明独去无道路At dawn I leave alone, and there is no path to be seen.天亮后我一个人离开，看不清道路，
出入高下穷烟霏Up and down, in and out, I walk through all the mist.高高低低，进进出出，走遍了云雾。
山红涧碧纷烂漫Red hills, green streams, bright colors everywhere.山花红，溪水绿，到处颜色鲜艳，
时见松枥皆十围Now and then I see pines and oaks, ten armspans thick.不时看到松树和栎树，都有十人合抱那么粗。
当流赤足踏涧石I stand in the stream and step barefoot on its stones.站在溪流里，光着脚踩着溪中的石头，
水声激激风吹衣The water roars, and the wind blows my clothes.水声哗哗，风吹动我的衣服。
人生如此自可乐A life like this is happy in itself.人生能这样，自然是快乐的，
岂必局束为人鞿Why must we be cramped, held by others like a horse in a bridle?何必拘拘束束，被别人管着呢？
嗟哉吾党二三子Ah, my few like-minded friends,唉，我那几个志同道合的朋友啊，
安得至老不更归how can we grow old and never go back again?怎么能到老都不再回去做官呢！

Words字词注释

荦确luò què: luò què: big rocks, rough and uneven.荦确：山石又大又多，高低不平。
行径微xíng jìng wēi: xíng jìng wēi: the path is narrow. Wēi means small, thin.行径微：走的小路很窄。微，细小。
升堂shēng táng: shēng táng: to go up into the temple hall.升堂：走上佛寺的殿堂。
新雨足xīn yǔ zú: xīn yǔ zú: a good soaking rain has just fallen.新雨足：刚下过一场透雨，雨水很充足。
芭蕉bā jiāo: bā jiāo: a plant with very large, wide leaves, like a banana plant.芭蕉：一种叶子又宽又大的植物。
栀子肥zhī zǐ féi: zhī zǐ féi: the gardenias are full and plump. Gardenia is a bush with sweet white flowers.栀子肥：栀子花开得又大又饱满。栀子，一种开白花、很香的灌木。
古壁佛画gǔ bì fó huà: gǔ bì fó huà: pictures of the Buddha painted on the old walls.古壁佛画：古老墙壁上画的佛像。
所见稀suǒ jiàn xī: suǒ jiàn xī: what he could see was faint and unclear. One view: they were rare, fine paintings.所见稀：看到的很模糊，看不太清。一说是很少见的好画。
拂席fú xí: fú xí: to brush the dust off the sleeping mat.拂席：掸掉席子上的灰尘。
置羹饭zhì gēng fàn: zhì gēng fàn: to set out soup and rice. Gēng means soup.置羹饭：摆上汤和饭。羹，汤。
疏粝shū lì: shū lì: plain, coarse food.疏粝：粗糙的饭菜。
百虫绝bǎi chóng jué: bǎi chóng jué: all the insects have gone quiet.百虫绝：各种虫子的叫声都停了。
扉fēi: fēi: door.扉：门。
无道路wú dào lù: wú dào lù: no road to be seen; at dawn the mist hides the way.无道路：天刚亮，有雾，看不清路，只能随意走。
穷烟霏qióng yān fēi: qióng yān fēi: walking all through the mist. Qióng means to go to the end of; yān fēi is mountain mist.穷烟霏：走遍了云雾。穷，走到尽头；烟霏，山里的云雾。
涧jiàn: jiàn: a mountain stream.涧：山间的小溪。
纷烂漫fēn làn màn: fēn làn màn: many bright colors, everywhere.纷烂漫：颜色繁多，鲜艳夺目。
松枥sōng lì: sōng lì: pines and oaks.松枥：松树和栎树。枥，就是栎树。
十围shí wéi: shí wéi: ten armspans around, so thick that ten people holding hands could just circle it.十围：十个人手拉手才抱得过来，形容树非常粗。
当流dāng liú: dāng liú: standing right in the flowing water.当流：对着水流，站在溪水中。
赤足chì zú: chì zú: barefoot.赤足：光着脚。
激激jī jī: jī jī: the sound of water dashing on rocks.激激：水流冲击石头的声音。
局束jú shù: jú shù: cramped, held in, not free.局束：拘束，受限制，放不开手脚。
为人鞿wéi rén jī: wéi rén jī: to be held by others, like a horse in a bridle. Jī is a bridle.为人鞿：被人管着，像马被缰绳套住一样。鞿，马的缰绳。
嗟哉jiē zāi: jiē zāi: ah! a sigh.嗟哉：唉，感叹的声音。
吾党二三子wú dǎng èr sān zǐ: wú dǎng èr sān zǐ: my few friends, the people who think as I do.吾党二三子：我的这几个朋友。吾党，跟我志同道合的人。
安得ān dé: ān dé: how can we?安得：怎么能。
不更归bú gèng guī: bù gèng guī: not go back again (to the world of office). Another reading: how could we grow old without coming back here?不更归：不再回去。一说意思是怎么能到老都不回到这里来。

How to read it读音

确què: Read luò què, meaning big, rough rocks.荦确读 luò què，形容山石又大又不平。
栀zhī: Read zhī zǐ.栀子读 zhī zǐ。
当dāng: Read dāng here, meaning facing or right in.当，对着、在……中，读 dāng。
为wéi: Here it means "by" (held back by others), read wéi.为人鞿：被别人束缚，“为”表示“被”，读 wéi。
更gèng: Read gèng, meaning again.更，再，读 gèng。

Background创作背景

The poem is usually dated to 801. Han Yu had left Xuzhou and was living in Luoyang. With a few friends he visited Huilin Temple, north of Luoyang. They arrived at dusk, stayed the night and left the next morning. The poem follows the trip in order of time. The title, "Mountain Rocks", is just the first two characters of the first line, an old way of naming poems.

一般认为，这首诗写于唐德宗贞元十七年（801年）。当时韩愈离开徐州，住在洛阳。他和几个朋友一起游洛阳北面的惠林寺，傍晚到寺里住了一夜，第二天早上离开。诗按时间顺序写下了这次游玩。题目“山石”取自第一句开头两个字，是古诗常用的取题方法。

The poet作者

Han Yu (768–824) was a Tang writer, first of the Eight Great Prose Masters of Tang and Song. He wanted writing to be plain and full of substance, like the ancients. His poems are bold and direct, often written the way one writes prose. This poem reads like a travel diary, step by step.

韩愈（768—824），唐代文学家，“唐宋八大家”之首，主张写文章要像古人那样朴实有内容。他的诗也很有特点，常常用写文章的方法写诗，直接、有力。这首诗像一篇游记，一步一步写下所见所感。

The mood意境

This poem is like a short film, with the camera following the poet. At dusk the path is narrow and bats are flying. In the temple after rain, the banana leaves are big and the gardenias full. A monk holds up a light to the wall paintings, then makes the bed and brings food. At night the insects stop and moonlight comes through the door. All is very still. Next morning he cannot find the path in the mist. He walks up and down, and then the view opens: red hills, green water, huge old trees. He stands barefoot in the stream, listening to the water, letting the wind blow his clothes. How free he feels! At the end he says what is in his heart: a life like this is happy enough, so why be held in by official life? From dusk to night to morning, the scenes unfold one by one, and his mood grows brighter and brighter.

这首诗像一部小电影，镜头跟着诗人走。黄昏，山路窄，蝙蝠飞；雨后的寺院里，芭蕉叶大，栀子花肥。和尚举着火光照壁画，又铺床端饭。夜里虫声停了，月光照进门来，非常安静。第二天早上，雾里找不到路，诗人高高低低地走，忽然眼前一亮：红的山，绿的水，粗大的老树。他光脚站在溪水里，听水声，任风吹衣，多自在！最后他说出心里话：人生这样就很快乐，何必被官场管着呢？从黄昏到夜里到清晨，景物一层层展开，心情也越来越开朗。