No. 27 · Song lyric · ci lyric, two stanzas, 100 characters第 27 首 · 宋词 · 词·双调一百字

niàn念nú奴jiāo娇·chì赤bì壁huái怀gǔ古

sū苏shì轼Su Shi · Song宋

Niannujiao: Remembering the Past at Red Cliff

dà大jiāng江dōng东qù去

làng浪táo淘jìn尽

qiān千gǔ古fēng风liú流rén人wù物

gù故lěi垒xī西biān边

rén人dào道shì是

sān三guó国zhōu周láng郎chì赤bì壁

luàn乱shí石chuān穿kōng空

jīng惊tāo涛pāi拍àn岸

juǎn卷qǐ起qiān千duī堆xuě雪

jiāng江shān山rú如huà画

yì一shí时duō多shǎo少háo豪jié杰

yáo遥xiǎng想gōng公jǐn瑾dāng当nián年

xiǎo小qiáo乔chū初jià嫁le了

xióng雄zī姿yīng英fā发

yǔ羽shàn扇guān纶jīn巾

tán谈xiào笑jiān间

qiáng樯lǔ橹huī灰fēi飞yān烟miè灭

gù故guó国shén神yóu游

duō多qíng情yīng应xiào笑wǒ我

zǎo早shēng生huá华fà发

rén人shēng生rú如mèng梦

yì一zūn尊huán还lèi酹jiāng江yuè月

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus runs some short phrases together; here they are split as in the textbook. The textbook reads qiáng lǔ, "masts and oars", where the corpus has a different qiáng lǔ meaning "the strong enemy". The textbook has rén shēng rú mèng, "life is like a dream", where the corpus has rén jiān, "the human world". The textbook breaks the line as "should laugh at me / grey hair so early", where the corpus breaks it as "should laugh / I grow grey hair so early".

语料库作“故垒西边人道是”“羽扇纶巾谈笑间”，这里按课本分成短句。课本作“樯橹灰飞烟灭”，语料库作“强虏灰飞烟灭”；课本作“人生如梦”，语料库作“人间如梦”；课本断句为“多情应笑我，早生华发”，语料库断为“多情应笑，我早生华发”。

Line by line逐句翻译

大江东去The great river rolls on to the east.长江滚滚向东流去，
浪淘尽Its waves have washed away浪花冲走了
千古风流人物the heroes of a thousand ages.千百年来的英雄人物。
故垒西边West of the old fort,那旧营垒的西边，
人道是people say,人们说，
三国周郎赤壁is the Red Cliff where young Zhou Yu fought in the Three Kingdoms age.就是三国时周瑜大战的赤壁。
乱石穿空Jagged rocks pierce the sky,乱石高耸，好像要刺破天空，
惊涛拍岸terrifying waves pound the shore,大浪拍打着江岸，
卷起千堆雪and roll up a thousand piles of snowy spray.卷起像千堆白雪一样的浪花。
江山如画River and mountains look like a painting.江山美得像一幅画，
一时多少豪杰How many heroes lived in that one age!那个时代出了多少英雄豪杰！
遥想公瑾当年I think back to Zhou Yu in those days.遥想周瑜当年，
小乔初嫁了Xiao Qiao had just become his bride,小乔刚刚嫁给他，
雄姿英发and he was strong, brave and shining.他英姿勃勃，神采飞扬。
羽扇纶巾With a feather fan in his hand and a silk scarf on his head,他手拿羽扇，头戴丝巾，
谈笑间while he talked and laughed,说说笑笑之间，
樯橹灰飞烟灭the enemy's warships went up in ash and smoke.敌人的战船就烧成了灰烟。
故国神游My mind wanders through that old battlefield.我的心神游到了古战场，
多情应笑我Someone must laugh at me for feeling too much,应该笑我太多情了，
早生华发for my hair has turned grey so early.这么早就长出了白头发。
人生如梦Life is like a dream.人生就像一场梦，
一尊还酹江月I raise a cup and pour it out to the river and the moon.我端起一杯酒，洒给江上的明月。

Words字词注释

大江dà jiāng: dà jiāng: the Great River, the Yangtze.大江：长江。
淘尽táo jìn: táo jìn: washed away completely.淘尽：冲洗干净，冲走了。
千古qiān gǔ: qiān gǔ: for a thousand ages, all through history.千古：很久很久以来。
风流人物fēng liú rén wù: fēng liú rén wù: great, gifted heroes.风流人物：了不起、有才华的英雄人物。
故垒gù lěi: gù lěi: an old fort, left from wars long ago.故垒：古时候留下的营垒，就是打仗时修的防守工事。
人道是rén dào shì: rén dào shì: people say it is. The Red Cliff the poet visited in Huangzhou was not the real battlefield, so he says "people say".人道是：人们说是。作者在黄州游的赤壁并不是真正的古战场，所以说“人们说”。
周郎zhōu láng: zhōu láng: Zhou Yu, a great general of Wu in the Three Kingdoms age. He was young and gifted, so people called him Young Master Zhou.周郎：周瑜，三国时吴国的大将。他年轻有为，人们叫他“周郎”。
赤壁chì bì: chì bì: Red Cliff. Here, in 208, Zhou Yu used fire to defeat Cao Cao's huge army. This is the famous Battle of Red Cliff.赤壁：三国时周瑜在赤壁用火攻打败曹操大军，这就是有名的赤壁之战（208年）。
乱石穿空luàn shí chuān kōng: luàn shí chuān kōng: jagged rocks rise up as if to pierce the sky.乱石穿空：乱石高耸，像要刺破天空。
惊涛拍岸jīng tāo pāi àn: jīng tāo pāi àn: terrifying waves slap against the shore.惊涛拍岸：吓人的大浪拍打着江岸。
千堆雪qiān duī xuě: qiān duī xuě: the white spray looks like a thousand piles of snow.千堆雪：浪花白白的，像一千堆雪。
一时yì shí: yì shí: at one time, in the same age.一时：同一个时代。
公瑾gōng jǐn: gōng jǐn: Zhou Yu's courtesy name. People in old China had a given name and also a courtesy name.公瑾：周瑜的字。古人除了名，还有一个“字”。
小乔xiǎo qiáo: xiǎo qiáo: Zhou Yu's wife, a famous beauty. In fact she married him about ten years before the battle. The poet puts it this way to show Zhou Yu young and at his best.小乔：周瑜的妻子，有名的美人。她其实在赤壁之战前十年左右就嫁给了周瑜，这里是为了写周瑜年少得意。
雄姿英发xióng zī yīng fā: xióng zī yīng fā: he looked strong and brave, and his brilliance shone out.雄姿英发：姿态威武，才华显露，神采飞扬。
羽扇纶巾yǔ shàn guān jīn: yǔ shàn guān jīn: holding a feather fan and wearing a silk scarf on his head. This was how scholars dressed, so it shows Zhou Yu calm and at ease.羽扇纶巾：拿着羽毛扇，戴着青丝头巾。这是当时文人的打扮，表示周瑜从容不迫。
樯橹qiáng lǔ: qiáng lǔ: masts and oars, meaning Cao Cao's warships.樯橹：樯，桅杆；橹，划船的工具。这里代指曹操的战船。
灰飞烟灭huī fēi yān miè: huī fēi yān miè: turned to flying ash and vanishing smoke, wiped out completely.灰飞烟灭：烧成灰，化成烟，完全被消灭。
故国神游gù guó shén yóu: gù guó shén yóu: his mind travels back to the old battlefield, as if he were there.故国神游：心思飞回了古战场，好像亲身去游览。故国，这里指旧时的战场。
多情应笑我duō qíng yīng xiào wǒ: duō qíng yīng xiào wǒ: someone must laugh at me for feeling so much. It is usually understood as "should laugh at my too-tender heart", with the words turned around.多情应笑我：应该笑我太多情了。一般理解为“应笑我多情”，是倒过来说的。
华发huá fà: huá fà: grey hair.华发：花白的头发。
尊zūn: zūn: a wine cup.尊：同“樽”，酒杯。
酹lèi: lèi: to pour wine on the ground or into water as an offering.酹：把酒洒在地上或水里，表示祭奠。

How to read it读音

了le: Today it is usually read le, meaning "already". Some read it liǎo, meaning "finished".现在一般读 le，表示“已经”。也有人读 liǎo，理解为“完毕”。
发fā: In yīng fā the character means to shine out, so it is read fā, not fà.英发读 yīng fā，“发”是焕发、显露的意思，不读 fà。
纶guān: In guān jīn, a scarf of blue silk ribbon, the character is read guān, not lún.纶巾的“纶”读 guān，指青丝带做的头巾，不读 lún。
发fà: In huá fà, grey hair, it is read fà.华发读 huá fà，指花白的头发。
还huán: Here it is usually read huán, "to give back": he offers the wine to the river and moon. Some read it hái, "still".还，这里一般读 huán，意思是“献给、洒给”，把酒洒给江月。一说读 hái，意思是“仍然”。

Background创作背景

In 1079 Su Shi was thrown in prison because people twisted the meaning of his poems against him. After his release he was sent away to Huangzhou, today's Huanggang in Hubei. In 1082 he visited the Red Cliff rock outside the town and wrote this lyric. This was not really the site of the Three Kingdoms battle. Su Shi knew it, which is why he wrote "people say".

宋神宗元丰二年（1079年），苏轼因为写诗被人诬告，关进监狱，这就是“乌台诗案”。出狱后他被贬到黄州（今湖北黄冈）。元丰五年（1082年），他游览黄州城外的赤壁矶，写下这首词。这里其实不是三国赤壁之战的地方，苏轼也知道，所以说“人道是”。

The poet作者

Su Shi (1037–1101), also called Dongpo, was a great Northern Song writer. He was a master of poems, lyrics, essays, calligraphy and painting. Before him, lyrics were mostly about love. He opened them up to mountains, rivers, history and life itself, starting the bold style. This lyric is seen as the model of that style.

苏轼（1037—1101），号东坡居士，北宋大文学家，诗、词、文章、书法、绘画样样精通。他把词从写儿女情长，扩大到写山川、历史和人生，开创了豪放词风。这首词被看作豪放词的代表作。

The mood意境

It opens on a grand scale: the river flows east, and the heroes of a thousand years have all been washed away. Then comes the scene at Red Cliff. Rocks stab the sky, waves crash on the shore, and the spray piles up like snow. You can almost hear it. The second stanza turns to Zhou Yu. He is young and just married to a beautiful wife. With a feather fan in hand, laughing and talking, he burns Cao Cao's fleet. How easy and fine he seems! Then the poet thinks of himself. He is in his forties, sent away to Huangzhou, his hair already grey, with nothing achieved. Next to Zhou Yu, he can only laugh at his own soft heart. The last line says life is like a dream. He pours wine to the river and the moon, lets the sadness go, and his heart opens wide. The lyric moves from the river to the heroes, and from the heroes to himself. It is bold, with a quiet sigh inside.

开头就很大气：长江向东流，千年的英雄都被浪花冲走了。接着写赤壁的景色：石头刺天，大浪拍岸，浪花像雪堆，画面又响又有力量。下阕写周瑜：他年纪轻轻，刚娶了美丽的妻子，手拿羽扇，说笑之间就把曹操的战船烧光了，多么潇洒。然后作者想到自己：四十多岁，被贬在黄州，头发都白了，什么功业也没有。和周瑜一比，他只能笑自己“多情”。最后一句“人生如梦”，他把酒洒向江月，把伤感放下，变得开阔。整首词从江水写到英雄，从英雄写到自己，豪迈里带着一点感叹。