No. 20 · Song lyric · ci lyric, two stanzas, 93 characters第 20 首 · 宋词 · 词·双调九十三字

mǎn满jiāng江hóng红·nù怒fà发chōng冲guān冠

yuè岳fēi飞Yue Fei · Song宋

Man Jiang Hong: My Hair Bristles in Rage

nù怒fà发chōng冲guān冠

píng凭lán栏chù处

xiāo潇xiāo潇yǔ雨xiē歇

tái抬wàng望yǎn眼

yǎng仰tiān天cháng长xiào啸

zhuàng壮huái怀jī激liè烈

sān三shí十gōng功míng名chén尘yǔ与tǔ土

bā八qiān千lǐ里lù路yún云hé和yuè月

mò莫děng等xián闲

bái白le了shào少nián年tóu头

kōng空bēi悲qiè切

jìng靖kāng康chǐ耻

yóu犹wèi未xuě雪

chén臣zǐ子hèn恨

hé何shí时miè灭

jià驾cháng长chē车

tà踏pò破hè贺lán兰shān山quē缺

zhuàng壮zhì志jī饥cān餐hú胡lǔ虏ròu肉

xiào笑tán谈kě渴yǐn饮xiōng匈nú奴xuè血

dài待cóng从tóu头

shōu收shí拾jiù旧shān山hé河

cháo朝tiān天què阙

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus writes "railing" with an older form of the character; the textbook uses the common one. The meaning is the same. The corpus breaks one line as "drive the chariot and smash / the Helan passes"; the textbook breaks it as "drive the chariot / smash the Helan passes". Phrases the corpus marks with small pauses are split into lines by the textbook's punctuation.

语料库作“凭阑处”，课本常作“凭栏处”，意思一样。语料库断句为“驾长车踏破，贺兰山缺”，课本断为“驾长车，踏破贺兰山缺”。语料库用顿号隔开的短语，这里按课本标点分句。

Line by line逐句翻译

怒发冲冠My hair bristles with rage and pushes up my hat.我气得头发竖起，顶起了帽子，
凭栏处Leaning on the railing,靠着栏杆，
潇潇雨歇I watch the pouring rain just stop.一阵急雨刚刚停下。
抬望眼I lift my eyes and look far,抬眼远望，
仰天长啸raise my head and cry out long to the sky,仰起头对着天空长啸，
壮怀激烈and great ambitions surge in my chest.胸中的壮志激荡不已。
三十功名尘与土At thirty, my fame is no more than dust and earth;三十岁了，功名像尘土一样不值一提，
八千里路云和月eight thousand li of road, under clouds and the moon.八千里路，日夜奔波，伴着云和月。
莫等闲Do not waste the years idly,不要随随便便虚度时光，
白了少年头or when the young head turns white,等到年轻的头发变白了，
空悲切you will grieve in vain.才白白地悲伤。
靖康耻The shame of Jingkang靖康年间的耻辱，
犹未雪is not yet washed away.还没有洗雪。
臣子恨The anger of the emperor's men,做臣子的仇恨，
何时灭when will it end?什么时候才能消除？
驾长车I will drive my war chariot我要驾着战车，
踏破贺兰山缺and smash through the passes of the Helan Mountains.踏破贺兰山的关口。
壮志饥餐胡虏肉Full of fight, when hungry I will eat the enemy's flesh;壮志满怀，饿了就吃敌人的肉，
笑谈渴饮匈奴血laughing and talking, when thirsty I will drink their blood.说笑之间，渴了就喝敌人的血。
待从头I wait for the day等到重新
收拾旧山河when the old land is all taken back,收复旧日的山河，
朝天阙and I go to the palace to report to the emperor.再去朝廷向皇帝报捷。

Words字词注释

怒发冲冠nù fà chōng guān: nù fà chōng guān: so angry that his hair stands up and pushes off his hat. Guān is a hat.怒发冲冠：气得头发竖起来，把帽子都顶起来了。形容非常愤怒。冠，帽子。
凭栏píng lán: píng lán: leaning on a railing.凭栏：靠着栏杆。
潇潇雨歇xiāo xiāo yǔ xiē: xiāo xiāo yǔ xiē: the pouring rain has just stopped.潇潇雨歇：急骤的雨刚刚停了。
长啸cháng xiào: cháng xiào: a long, loud cry or whistle to let out strong feelings.长啸：撮起嘴发出长长的、响亮的声音，用来抒发心中的感情。
壮怀激烈zhuàng huái jī liè: zhuàng huái jī liè: great ambitions surge in his heart.壮怀激烈：远大的志向在心里激荡。壮怀，宏大的抱负。
三十功名尘与土sān shí gōng míng chén yǔ tǔ: sān shí gōng míng chén yǔ tǔ: at thirty, the fame he has won is as small as dust and earth.三十功名尘与土：三十岁了，建立的功名像尘土一样微不足道。
八千里路云和月bā qiān lǐ lù yún hé yuè: bā qiān lǐ lù yún hé yuè: eight thousand li of marching, under clouds by day and the moon by night.八千里路云和月：南北转战八千里，日夜奔波，披星戴月。
等闲děng xián: děng xián: idly, carelessly.等闲：随随便便，轻易地。
空悲切kōng bēi qiè: kōng bēi qiè: to grieve in vain.空悲切：白白地悲伤。
靖康耻jìng kāng chǐ: jìng kāng chǐ: the shame of Jingkang. Jingkang was the reign name of Emperor Qinzong. In 1127 the Jin army took the Northern Song capital, Bianjing, and carried off two emperors, Huizong and Qinzong. It was the greatest shame of the Song.靖康耻：靖康是宋钦宗的年号。靖康二年（1127年），金兵攻破北宋都城汴京，抓走了徽宗、钦宗两个皇帝，这是宋朝的奇耻大辱。
雪xuě: xuě: to wash away, as in wiping out a shame.雪：洗掉，报仇雪恨的“雪”。
臣子恨chén zǐ hèn: chén zǐ hèn: the hatred felt by the emperor's subjects.臣子恨：做臣子的仇恨。
长车cháng chē: cháng chē: war chariots.长车：战车。
贺兰山缺hè lán shān quē: hè lán shān quē: the passes of the Helan Mountains, in today's Ningxia. Here they stand for the enemy's land, not necessarily the real place.贺兰山缺：贺兰山的山口。贺兰山在今宁夏，这里代指敌人的地方，不一定是实指。
胡虏hú lǔ: hú lǔ: an old name for enemies from the north. Here it means the Jin soldiers.胡虏：古时对北方敌人的称呼，这里指金兵。
匈奴xiōng nú: xiōng nú: the Xiongnu, an ancient northern people. Here it also stands for the Jin enemy.匈奴：古代北方的一个民族，这里也代指金兵。
待从头dài cóng tóu: dài cóng tóu: waiting until, once again.待从头：等到重新。
收拾旧山河shōu shí jiù shān hé: shōu shí jiù shān hé: to take back the lost land.收拾旧山河：收复被占领的国土。
朝天阙cháo tiān què: cháo tiān què: to go before the emperor and report victory. Tiān què is the palace gate, meaning the court.朝天阙：去朝见皇帝，报告胜利。天阙，皇宫，代指朝廷。

How to read it读音

发fà: Here it means hair, so it is read fà.怒发的“发”指头发，读 fà。
少shào: In shào nián, "youth", it is read shào.少年的“少”读 shào，指年轻。
血xuè: In written words it is usually read xuè, as here. In everyday speech on its own it can be xiě.血，书面语里常读 xuè，这里读 xuè。口语里单用时也读 xiě。
朝cháo: Here it is read cháo, "to go and see the emperor", not zhāo.朝，这里读 cháo，意思是朝见、拜见，不读 zhāo。

Background创作背景

At the end of the Northern Song, the Jin army swept south. In 1127 it took the capital and carried off two emperors, and the Northern Song fell. This is called the Jingkang Incident. After the Southern Song was set up, Yue Fei led armies against the Jin, won many battles, and longed to win back the north. This lyric shows his resolve to serve his country and wipe out the shame. Sources disagree on when it was written. Also, the lyric does not appear in any book from the Song or Yuan; it first shows up in the Ming. So some scholars doubt that Yue Fei wrote it, though it is still usually counted as his.

北宋末年，金兵南下。1127年，金兵攻破都城，抓走了两个皇帝，北宋灭亡，史称“靖康之变”。南宋建立后，岳飞带兵抗金，打了很多胜仗，一心想收复北方失地。这首词表达的就是这种报国雪耻的决心，具体写作时间说法不一。另外，这首词在宋元时期的书里没有记载，到明代才出现，所以有学者怀疑它不是岳飞写的，但一般仍认为是岳飞的作品。

The poet作者

Yue Fei (1103–1142), also called Pengju, was a famous Southern Song general who fought the Jin. He ran his army strictly, and it was known as the Yue Family Army. The Jin said it was easier to shake a mountain than to shake the Yue army. Later he was killed by the treacherous minister Qin Hui and others on a charge with no evidence at all. People have honored him ever since as a hero of loyalty to his country.

岳飞（1103—1142），字鹏举，南宋抗金名将。他治军严格，他的军队被称为“岳家军”，金兵中有“撼山易，撼岳家军难”的说法。后来他被奸臣秦桧等人以“莫须有”的罪名害死，人们一直怀念他，把他看作精忠报国的英雄。

The mood意境

From start to end, this lyric sounds like a battle cry. The first four characters show a man so angry his hair stands on end. He leans on a railing as the rain stops, looks up, and cries out to the sky; his great ambition cannot be held down. Then he looks back at his own life. Thirty years of fame mean nothing, and he has marched eight thousand li. He warns himself, and the reader: do not waste your youth, or you will regret it when your hair turns white. The second stanza opens with short three-character lines, like beats on a war drum. The national shame is not washed away; when will the anger end? Then he imagines driving his chariot through the enemy's passes and beating them while he laughs and talks. "Eating flesh" and "drinking blood" are wild exaggerations that show how deeply he hates the invaders. The ending is steady: once the land is won back, he will go and report to the court. The whole lyric is bold and fierce, and it has stirred countless people for centuries.

这首词从头到尾都像在呐喊。开头四个字“怒发冲冠”，一个人气得头发都竖起来了。他靠着栏杆，雨刚停，抬头对天长啸，心里的壮志压都压不住。接着他回头看自己：三十年的功名不算什么，八千里的路一直在奔波。他提醒自己，也提醒读者：不要虚度青春，等头发白了再后悔就晚了。下阕一开头用短短的三字句，像在一下一下敲鼓：国耻还没洗雪，仇恨什么时候才能消？然后他想象驾着战车冲破敌人的关口，说笑之间就能消灭敌人。“吃肉”“喝血”是夸张的说法，表示他对侵略者的极度愤恨。最后一句收得很稳：等收复了山河，再去向朝廷报告。整首词气势豪迈，感情激烈，千百年来鼓舞了无数人。