No. 85 · Song lyric · ci lyric (long form, two stanzas)第 85 首 · 宋词 · 词（长调，双调）

liù六zhōu州gē歌tóu头·cháng长huái淮wàng望duàn断

zhāng张xiào孝xiáng祥Zhang Xiaoxiang · Song宋

Song of the Six Prefectures: Gazing Along the Long Huai River

cháng长huái淮wàng望duàn断

guān关sài塞mǎng莽rán然píng平

zhēng征chén尘àn暗

shuāng霜fēng风jìng劲

qiǎo悄biān边shēng声

àn黯xiāo销níng凝

zhuī追xiǎng想dāng当nián年shì事

dài殆tiān天shù数

fēi非rén人lì力

zhū洙sì泗shàng上

xián弦gē歌dì地

yì亦shān膻xīng腥

gé隔shuǐ水zhān毡xiāng乡

luò落rì日niú牛yáng羊xià下

ōu区tuō脱zòng纵héng横

kàn看míng名wáng王xiāo宵liè猎

qí骑huǒ火yì一chuān川míng明

jiā笳gǔ鼓bēi悲míng鸣

qiǎn遣rén人jīng惊

niàn念yāo腰jiān间jiàn箭

xiá匣zhōng中jiàn剑

kōng空āi埃dù蠹

jìng竟hé何chéng成

shí时yì易shī失

xīn心tú徒zhuàng壮

suì岁jiāng将líng零

miǎo渺shén神jīng京

gān干yǔ羽fāng方huái怀yuǎn远

jìng静fēng烽suì燧

qiě且xiū休bīng兵

guān冠gài盖shǐ使

fēn纷chí驰wù骛

ruò若wéi为qíng情

wén闻dào道zhōng中yuán原yí遗lǎo老

cháng常nán南wàng望

cuì翠bǎo葆ní霓jīng旌

shǐ使xíng行rén人dào到cǐ此

zhōng忠fèn愤qì气tián填yīng膺

yǒu有lèi泪rú如qīng倾

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The source text opens with cháng huái written with a character meaning "long longing". The commonly taught text uses the character for the Huai River, which this page follows. The source also has yǔ bǎo (feather canopy) where most taught texts have cuì bǎo (kingfisher canopy); this page follows the taught text.

古籍原文第一句作“长怀望断”，通行本作“长淮望断”，“淮”指淮河，这里从通行本。原文“羽葆霓旌”，通行本多作“翠葆霓旌”，这里也从通行本。

Line by line逐句翻译

长淮望断I gaze along the long Huai River as far as the eye can see;沿着长长的淮河一直望到天边，
关塞莽然平the border lies flat and overgrown, with nothing to hold back an enemy.边关一片荒草，平平坦坦，无险可守。
征尘暗Road dust darkens the sky,路上尘土飞扬，天色昏暗，
霜风劲the frosty wind blows hard,带霜的秋风刮得很猛，
悄边声and the border is hushed, without a sound.边境上静悄悄的，没有一点声音。
黯销凝Gloom settles on me and I stand lost in thought.我心情黯淡，久久出神。
追想当年事I think back to the loss of the north in those years:回想当年中原沦陷的事，
殆天数perhaps it was fate,大概是天意吧，
非人力beyond what human strength could do.不是人力能挽回的。
洙泗上Even by the Zhu and Si rivers,就连洙水泗水边上，
弦歌地where Confucius taught amid lutes and songs,孔子讲学、弹琴唱歌的地方，
亦膻腥the air now reeks of mutton.如今也满是牛羊的腥膻气。
隔水毡乡Across the water lies the land of felt tents;隔着淮河，就是住毡帐的金人的地盘，
落日牛羊下at sunset the cattle and sheep come home,太阳落山，牛羊下山回圈，
区脱纵横and Jin lookout posts are everywhere.金人的哨所土堡到处都是。
看名王宵猎Look at the Jin princes hunting by night;看那金国的首领们在夜里打猎，
骑火一川明their horsemen's torches light up the whole plain.骑兵的火把把整片平原照得通亮。
笳鼓悲鸣Reed pipes and war drums wail,胡笳和战鼓发出悲壮的声音，
遣人惊and my heart shudders.让人心惊。
念腰间箭I think of the arrows at my waist,想到我腰间的箭，
匣中剑the sword in its case,匣子里的剑，
空埃蠹lying idle, gathering dust and eaten by worms;白白地落满灰尘，被虫子蛀坏，
竟何成what has come of them?到底做成了什么呢？
时易失Good chances slip away so easily;好时机很容易失去，
心徒壮my heart is brave, but all in vain;我心里空有壮志，
岁将零and the year is nearly done.一年又快过完了。
渺神京The old capital is far, far away.京城在那遥远的地方。
干羽方怀远The court wants to win over the enemy with dances and virtue,朝廷正想用礼乐和德行去感化远方的敌人，
静烽燧to quiet the beacon fires,让烽火平息，
且休兵and lay down arms for now.暂且停止用兵。
冠盖使Envoys in official hats去求和的使者，
纷驰骛rush back and forth in a steady stream;一批又一批地来回奔走，
若为情how can anyone bear it!这叫人怎么受得了！
闻道中原遗老I hear the old folk left behind in the north听说中原留下的老百姓，
常南望often look south,常常向南方张望，
翠葆霓旌hoping to see the emperor's feathered canopy and rainbow banners.盼着皇帝的车驾和旗帜打回来。
使行人到此Any traveller who comes here让过路的人到了这里，
忠愤气填膺feels loyalty and rage fill his chest,忠诚和愤怒塞满了胸口，
有泪如倾and his tears pour down.眼泪像倒出来一样往下流。

Words字词注释

长淮cháng huái: cháng huái: the long Huai River. At that time it was the border between the Song and the Jin state; north of it was Jin land.长淮：长长的淮河。那时宋朝和金国以淮河为界，河北边就是金国。
望断wàng duàn: wàng duàn: to gaze until the eye can see no farther.望断：一直望到看不见的地方。
关塞guān sài: guān sài: border passes and forts.关塞：边关要塞，守边的关口和城堡。
莽然平mǎng rán píng: mǎng rán píng: overgrown and flat, with nothing to stop an enemy.莽然平：草木茂盛，一片平坦，没有险阻可守。
征尘暗zhēng chén àn: zhēng chén àn: dust from the roads fills the air and darkens the sky.征尘暗：路上的尘土飞扬，天色昏暗。
霜风劲shuāng fēng jìng: shuāng fēng jìng: the frosty wind blows hard.霜风劲：寒冷的秋风刮得很猛。
悄边声qiǎo biān shēng: qiǎo biān shēng: the border is silent; no sound is heard.悄边声：边境上一片寂静，没有声音。
黯销凝àn xiāo níng: àn xiāo níng: a gloomy heart, lost in thought for a long time.黯销凝：心情暗淡，像失了魂一样，久久出神。
当年事dāng nián shì: dāng nián shì: the events of years before, when Jin troops took the Northern Song capital and the northern heartland was lost.当年事：指北宋末年金兵攻破汴京、中原沦陷的事。
殆天数dài tiān shù: dài tiān shù: perhaps it was fate. Dài means probably; tiān shù means the will of heaven.殆天数：大概是天意吧。殆，大概；天数，天命。
非人力fēi rén lì: fēi rén lì: not something human strength could change. This is said with bitter irony.非人力：不是人的力量所能决定的。这是带着讽刺的话。
洙泗zhū sì: zhū sì: the Zhu and Si rivers near today's Qufu in Shandong, where Confucius taught.洙泗：洙水和泗水，在今天山东曲阜一带，孔子曾在这里讲学。
弦歌地xián gē dì: xián gē dì: a place of lutes and songs, of learning and good manners.弦歌地：弹琴唱歌、讲礼乐的地方，指读书讲学之地。
膻腥shān xīng: shān xīng: the rank smell of mutton and beef. It means even Confucius's homeland was now held by the Jin.膻腥：牛羊肉的腥臊气味。这里说孔子的故乡也被金人占领了。
隔水gé shuǐ: gé shuǐ: across the river, that is, across the Huai.隔水：隔着淮河。
毡乡zhān xiāng: zhān xiāng: the land of felt tents, meaning Jin territory. Felt is thick cloth pressed from wool.毡乡：住毡帐的地方，指金人的地盘。毡，用羊毛压成的厚布。
牛羊下niú yáng xià: niú yáng xià: as the sun sets, the cattle and sheep come home.牛羊下：太阳落山，牛羊下山回圈。
区脱ōu tuō: ōu tuō: earthen lookout posts along the border.区脱：边境上守望用的土堡和哨所。
纵横zòng héng: zòng héng: crisscrossing, everywhere.纵横：横七竖八，到处都是。
名王míng wáng: míng wáng: famous princes, the Jin nobles and chiefs.名王：金国有名的贵族首领。
宵猎xiāo liè: xiāo liè: hunting by night. It also suggests drilling troops and showing off strength at the border.宵猎：夜里打猎。这里也有在边境练兵、示威的意思。
骑火qí huǒ: qí huǒ: torches carried by horsemen.骑火：骑兵手里举着的火把。
一川明yì chuān míng: yī chuān míng: the whole plain is lit up. Chuān here means a stretch of flat land.一川明：整片平原都被照亮了。川，平地。
笳鼓jiā gǔ: jiā gǔ: reed pipes and war drums. The jiā is a pipe played by northern peoples.笳鼓：胡笳和战鼓。胡笳是北方民族吹的一种乐器。
遣人惊qiǎn rén jīng: qiǎn rén jīng: makes one shudder. Qiǎn means to cause.遣人惊：让人心惊。遣，使、让。
念niàn: niàn: to think of.念：想到。
空埃蠹kōng āi dù: kōng āi dù: lying useless, covered in dust and eaten by insects. Āi is dust; dù is a wood-boring insect.空埃蠹：白白地落满灰尘、被虫子蛀坏。埃，灰尘；蠹，蛀虫。
竟何成jìng hé chéng: jìng hé chéng: what has it all come to?竟何成：到底做成了什么呢？
时易失shí yì shī: shí yì shī: a good chance is easily lost.时易失：好时机很容易失去。
心徒壮xīn tú zhuàng: xīn tú zhuàng: a brave heart, but all in vain. Tú means for nothing.心徒壮：心里空有壮志。徒，白白地。
岁将零suì jiāng líng: suì jiāng líng: the year is nearly gone, and so is one's youth. Líng means to wither.岁将零：一年快要过完了，也指人渐渐老了。零，凋零。
渺神京miǎo shén jīng: miǎo shén jīng: the capital is so far away. Shén jīng means the old Northern Song capital, Bianjing, now in Jin hands.渺神京：京城离得那么遥远。神京，指北宋的都城汴京，已经在金国手里。
干羽gān yǔ: gān yǔ: shields and feathers used in dances. Legend says the ancient ruler Shun won over a distant tribe not by war but by having dancers hold shields and feathers, showing his virtue.干羽：盾牌和用羽毛做的舞具。传说舜不用打仗，只让人拿着干羽跳舞，用好品德感化了远方的部落。
怀远huái yuǎn: huái yuǎn: to win over distant peoples. Here it mocks the court for wanting only peace talks, not war.怀远：安抚远方的人。这里讽刺朝廷不想打仗，只想讲和。
烽燧fēng suì: fēng suì: beacon fires lit at the border to warn of attack. To quiet them means to stop fighting.烽燧：边境报警的烽火。静烽燧，就是不再打仗。
休兵xiū bīng: xiū bīng: to stop the war.休兵：停止用兵。
冠盖使guān gài shǐ: guān gài shǐ: envoys in official hats riding covered carriages, the officials Song sent to Jin to ask for peace.冠盖使：戴着官帽、坐着有篷车的使者，指宋朝派去金国求和的官员。
纷驰骛fēn chí wù: fēn chí wù: rushing back and forth, one after another.纷驰骛：一个接一个地奔走忙碌。
若为情ruò wéi qíng: ruò wéi qíng: how can one bear it? How shameful!若为情：叫人怎么受得了，多么难为情。
闻道wén dào: wén dào: I hear that.闻道：听说。
遗老yí lǎo: yí lǎo: the old people left behind in the north, still loyal to Song, under Jin rule.遗老：留在北方金国统治下的宋朝老百姓。
翠葆霓旌cuì bǎo ní jīng: cuì bǎo ní jīng: carriage canopies trimmed with kingfisher feathers, and rainbow banners, the emperor's procession. It means they long for the emperor to lead his army back north.翠葆霓旌：用翠鸟羽毛装饰的车盖和彩色的旗子，是皇帝出行的仪仗。这里指盼望皇帝带兵打回来。
行人xíng rén: xíng rén: a passer-by. Here the poet means himself.行人：过路的人，这里是作者自指。
忠愤zhōng fèn: zhōng fèn: loyalty and anger.忠愤：忠诚和愤怒。
填膺tián yīng: tián yīng: to fill the chest. Yīng means chest.填膺：塞满胸口。膺，胸。
如倾rú qīng: rú qīng: as if poured out, meaning tears flow freely.如倾：像从容器里倒出来一样，形容泪水很多。

How to read it读音

劲jìng: Meaning strong and fierce, as in a strong wind, this is read jìng, not jìn.“劲风”的“劲”是“强有力”，读 jìng，不读 jìn。
悄qiǎo: Meaning silent and still, this is read qiǎo.“悄”是“寂静无声”，读 qiǎo。
区ōu: Ōu tuō is a sound-borrowing from the old Xiongnu language, also written with another ōu. Here the character is read ōu, not qū.“区脱”是匈奴语的音译，同“瓯脱”，“区”读 ōu，不读 qū。
骑qí: Here the character means mounted soldiers, a noun. Today it is always read qí; in old times the noun was read jì.“骑火”的“骑”指骑兵，是名词。今天统一读 qí，古代名词读 jì。
干gān: Here it means a shield and is read gān.“干”是盾牌，读 gān。
为wéi: Ruò wéi qíng means how can one bear such feelings; the character is read wéi.“若为情”是“怎么能忍受这种心情”，“为”读 wéi。

Background创作背景

In 1127 Jin troops took Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song, and the Song lost the north. After that the Southern Song and the Jin faced each other across the Huai River. In 1163 a Song army marched north and was badly beaten at Fuli. The people at court who wanted peace won out again and sent envoys to ask Jin for terms. The poem is usually dated soon after this; one view says 1164. A Song writer's notes say Zhang Xiaoxiang wrote and sang it at a feast given by the general Zhang Jun in Jiankang, today's Nanjing. Zhang Jun was so upset that he left the table.

1127年，金兵攻破北宋都城汴京，宋朝丢掉了北方，南宋和金国隔着淮河对峙。1163年，宋军北伐，在符离大败，朝廷里主张讲和的人又占了上风，派使者去金国求和。一般认为这首词就写在这之后，一说写于1164年。据宋人笔记记载，张孝祥在建康（今江苏南京）抗金将领张浚的宴席上写下并唱出这首词，张浚听了，难过得离席而去。

The poet作者

Zhang Xiaoxiang (1132–1170) was a Southern Song lyric poet. In his early twenties he came first in the top imperial exam. All his life he argued for winning back the lost north and against begging Jin for peace. His lyrics are bold and grand, much like Su Shi's, and often speak of the fate of the country with burning love for it. He died at only thirty-eight, and this is one of his best-known works.

张孝祥（1132—1170），南宋词人，二十多岁就考中状元。他一直主张收复北方失地，反对向金国求和。他的词气势豪放，很像苏轼，常写国家大事和满腔的爱国热情。他只活了三十八岁，这首词是他最有名的作品之一。

The mood意境

This lyric is long, and its short, quick phrases beat like drums. In the first stanza the poet stands by the Huai River looking north. The land is flat with nothing to defend it, the autumn wind howls, yet the border is frighteningly quiet. He recalls how the north was lost; even Confucius's homeland is now pasture for the enemy's sheep. Across the water, Jin lookout posts are everywhere, night-hunting torches light up the plain, and the pipes and drums make his heart jump. The second stanza turns to himself. His arrows and sword lie unused under dust, the years go by, and his brave hopes come to nothing. Meanwhile the court keeps sending envoys to beg for peace, and he cries out: how can anyone bear it! Last, he thinks of the people left in the north, looking south every day for the Song army to return. At that thought loyalty and anger fill him, and his tears pour down. Scenery, history, anger and tears all come together, and the poem still stirs the blood.

这首词很长，节奏又短又急，像一阵阵鼓点。上阕作者站在淮河边往北看：一片平地无险可守，秋风呼呼，边境却静得可怕。他想起北方丢掉的往事，连孔子的家乡都成了金人放牛羊的地方。再看对岸，金人的哨所到处都是，夜里打猎的火把照亮了整片平原，胡笳战鼓一响，叫人心惊胆战。下阕转向自己：箭和剑放着不用，落满灰尘，时间一年年过去，壮志成空。朝廷却忙着派人求和，作者忍不住说“若为情”——真叫人难受！最后写北方的老百姓天天朝南望，盼着宋军回来。想到这里，作者满腔忠愤，泪如雨下。整首词有景、有史、有怒、有泪，读来让人热血沸腾。