Song lyric · ci lyric in two stanzas宋词 · 词（双调）

hè贺xīn新láng郎·bié别mào茂jiā嘉shí十èr二dì弟

xīn辛qì弃jí疾Xin Qiji · Song宋

He Xin Lang: Farewell to My Twelfth Cousin Maojia

lǜ绿shù树tīng听tí鹈jué鴂

gèng更nà那kān堪zhè鹧gū鸪shēng声zhù住

dù杜juān鹃shēng声qiè切

tí啼dào到chūn春guī归wú无xún寻chù处

kǔ苦hèn恨fāng芳fēi菲dōu都xiē歇

suàn算wèi未dǐ抵rén人jiān间lí离bié别

mǎ马shàng上pí琵pá琶guān关sài塞hēi黑

gèng更cháng长mén门cuì翠niǎn辇cí辞jīn金què阙

kàn看yàn燕yàn燕

sòng送guī归qiè妾

jiāng将jūn军bǎi百zhàn战shēn身míng名liè裂

xiàng向hé河liáng梁huí回tóu头wàn万lǐ里

gù故rén人cháng长jué绝

yì易shuǐ水xiāo萧xiāo萧xī西fēng风lěng冷

mǎn满zuò座yī衣guān冠sì似xuě雪

zhèng正zhuàng壮shì士bēi悲gē歌wèi未chè彻

tí啼niǎo鸟hái还zhī知rú如xǔ许hèn恨

liào料bù不tí啼qīng清lèi泪cháng长tí啼xuè血

shuí谁gòng共wǒ我

zuì醉míng明yuè月

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

Line by line逐句翻译

绿树听鹈鴂In the green trees I hear the shrike calling.在绿树丛中，听到鹈鴂在叫。
更那堪鹧鸪声住Even harder to bear: the partridge has just gone quiet,更让人受不了的是，鹧鸪的叫声刚停，
杜鹃声切and the cuckoo cries so fast and so sadly.杜鹃又叫得那么急切悲伤。
啼到春归无寻处They cry until spring is gone and cannot be found,它们一直叫到春天走了，再也找不到，
苦恨芳菲都歇and I grieve that all the flowers have faded.让人痛惜所有的花草都凋谢了。
算未抵人间离别Yet all this is still not as bad as partings among people.可是算起来，这些还比不上人间的离别。
马上琵琶关塞黑Wang Zhaojun plays her pipa on horseback, heading to the dark frontier.王昭君在马上弹着琵琶，走向昏暗的边关；
更长门翠辇辞金阙And Empress Chen rides her feathered carriage out of the palace to Changmen.还有陈皇后坐着翠羽车，离开皇宫去长门宫。
看燕燕And see Lady Zhuang Jiang singing "Swallows"再看庄姜唱着《燕燕》，
送归妾as she sees off the consort sent back home.送别那位被遣回娘家的妃子。
将军百战身名裂General Li Ling fought a hundred battles, yet lost both his life's honor and his name.李陵将军身经百战，最后却身败名裂。
向河梁回头万里At the bridge he sees Su Wu off, and looks back at his homeland ten thousand miles away;他在河边的桥上送苏武回去，回头望着万里之外的故国，
故人长绝he and his old friend are parted forever.和老朋友从此永远分别。
易水萧萧西风冷By the Yi River the west wind sighs, cold and sharp,易水边秋风萧萧，寒气逼人，
满座衣冠似雪and everyone seated there wears white, like snow.送行的人坐满一堂，衣帽都白得像雪。
正壮士悲歌未彻The brave Jing Ke has not yet finished his sad song.荆轲这位壮士，悲壮的歌还没有唱完。
啼鸟还知如许恨If the crying birds knew how much sorrow there is among people,啼叫的鸟儿要是懂得人间有这么多的痛苦，
料不啼清泪长啼血surely they would not shed clear tears, but cry until they bled.想来它们不会再流清泪，而要一直哭到流血了。
谁共我Once you are gone, who will be with me你走了以后，还有谁和我一起，
醉明月to get drunk under the bright moon?在明月下喝醉呢？

Words字词注释

鹈鴂tí jué: tí jué: a kind of bird, some say the shrike. Legend says when it calls, the flowers start to fade.鹈鴂：一种鸟，有人说就是伯劳。传说它一叫，百花就要凋谢了。
更那堪gèng nà kān: gèng nà kān: and even harder to bear. Nà kān means how could one stand it.更那堪：更加受不了。那堪，哪里受得了。
鹧鸪zhè gū: zhè gū: the partridge. Its call was said to sound like "you cannot go, brother", as if begging someone not to leave.鹧鸪：一种鸟，叫声听起来像“行不得也哥哥”，好像在劝人别走。
杜鹃dù juān: dù juān: the cuckoo. Its call was said to sound like "better go home", a very sad sound.杜鹃：又叫子规，叫声像“不如归去”，很凄凉。
切qiè: qiè: urgent, crying fast and sadly.切：急切，叫得又急又悲。
苦恨kǔ hèn: kǔ hèn: to be deeply sorry.苦恨：非常遗憾、非常难过。
芳菲fāng fēi: fāng fēi: sweet flowers and green grass, the beauty of spring.芳菲：香花和青草，代指春天的美景。
歇xiē: xiē: to stop; here, to wither and be gone.歇：停止，这里是凋谢、没有了。
算未抵suàn wèi dǐ: suàn wèi dǐ: all told, still not as bad as.算未抵：算起来还比不上。
马上琵琶mǎ shàng pí pá: mǎ shàng pí pá: a pipa lute played on horseback. In the Han dynasty Wang Zhaojun was sent far north to marry the Xiongnu ruler. Legend says she played the pipa on horseback as she left.马上琵琶：汉代王昭君远嫁匈奴，传说她在马上弹着琵琶离开汉朝。
关塞黑guān sài hēi: guān sài hēi: the frontier passes are dark and bleak.关塞黑：边关一片昏暗，路途凄凉。
长门cháng mén: cháng mén: the Changmen Palace. Empress Chen of Emperor Wu of Han lost his favor and was sent to live there.长门：长门宫。汉武帝的陈皇后失宠后，被迁到长门宫住。
翠辇cuì niǎn: cuì niǎn: a carriage decorated with kingfisher feathers, used by empresses and consorts.翠辇：用翠鸟羽毛装饰的车，是皇后、妃子坐的车。
辞金阙cí jīn què: cí jīn què: to leave the palace. Jīn què means the golden palace.辞金阙：离开皇宫。金阙，金碧辉煌的宫殿。
燕燕yàn yàn: yàn yàn: "Swallows", a poem in the Book of Songs. People of old said Lady Zhuang Jiang of the state of Wey wrote it when seeing off a consort who was sent back home.燕燕：《诗经》里的一首诗，开头是“燕燕于飞”。古人说是卫国的庄姜送别一位妃子回娘家时写的。
归妾guī qiè: guī qiè: the consort being sent back to her family.归妾：被送回娘家的妃子。
将军百战身名裂jiāng jūn bǎi zhàn shēn míng liè: jiāng jūn bǎi zhàn shēn míng liè: this means the Han general Li Ling. He fought a hundred battles, but in the end was defeated and surrendered to the Xiongnu. His life and his good name were both ruined.将军百战身名裂：指汉代将军李陵。他打了很多仗，最后兵败投降匈奴，身败名裂。身名裂，身体和名声都毁了。
河梁hé liáng: hé liáng: a bridge over a river. Legend says Li Ling saw off his friend Su Wu, who was going home to Han, at a bridge, and wrote a poem about it.河梁：河上的桥。传说李陵在桥边送别好友苏武回汉朝，写过“携手上河梁”的诗。
故人长绝gù rén cháng jué: gù rén cháng jué: old friends parted forever, never to meet again.故人长绝：老朋友从此永远分开，再也见不到。
易水萧萧西风冷yì shuǐ xiāo xiāo xī fēng lěng: yì shuǐ xiāo xiāo xī fēng lěng: in the Warring States period, Jing Ke set out to kill the King of Qin. His friends saw him off by the Yi River. He sang: "The wind sighs, the Yi River is cold; the brave man goes and will not come back." Xiāo xiāo is the sound of the wind.易水萧萧西风冷：战国时荆轲去刺杀秦王，朋友们在易水边送他。他唱：“风萧萧兮易水寒，壮士一去兮不复还。”易水，河名，在今河北。萧萧，风声。
衣冠似雪yī guān sì xuě: yī guān sì xuě: the people seeing Jing Ke off wore white robes and caps, white as snow. White is the color of mourning; they knew he would not return.衣冠似雪：送荆轲的人都穿白衣、戴白帽，像雪一样白。白色是送丧的颜色，表示知道他回不来了。
悲歌未彻bēi gē wèi chè: bēi gē wèi chè: the sad, brave song is not yet finished. Chè means to the end.悲歌未彻：悲壮的歌还没有唱完。彻，完、尽。
还知hái zhī: hái zhī: if they also knew.还知：如果也懂得。
如许恨rú xǔ hèn: rú xǔ hèn: so much sorrow. Rú xǔ means this much.如许恨：这么多的痛苦和遗憾。如许，这样多。
料liào: liào: I suppose, surely.料：想来、估计。
长啼血cháng tí xuè: cháng tí xuè: to cry until blood comes. Legend says the cuckoo cries until its mouth bleeds.长啼血：一直哭到吐血。传说杜鹃鸟啼叫到嘴里流血。
共gòng: gòng: with.共：和、跟。

How to read it读音

血xuè: In written words and poems this is read xuè. The spoken form xiě is used in everyday talk.血在书面语、诗词里读 xuè，口语“流血了”才读 xiě。
塞sài: In guān sài, a frontier pass, this is read sài.关塞：边关要塞，塞读 sài。

Background创作背景

Maojia was Xin Qiji's cousin, twelfth among the brothers of the clan. He was about to go far away; one account says he had been demoted and sent to Guilin. Xin Qiji wrote this lyric to see him off. The exact year is debated; it is usually placed in Xin Qiji's later years, when he lived without office in Jiangxi. The lyric says almost nothing about the cousin directly. Instead it tells, one after another, stories of famous partings from the past.

茂嘉是辛弃疾同族的弟弟，在兄弟里排第十二。这一次他要远行，一说是被贬官到桂林去。辛弃疾写了这首词给他送行。写作的具体年份说法不一，一般认为是辛弃疾晚年闲居江西的时候。词里几乎没有直接写弟弟，而是接连讲了好几个古人离别的故事。

The poet作者

Xin Qiji (1140–1207), also called Jiaxuan, was a great lyric poet of the Southern Song. As a young man he led troops against the Jin in the north, then came south. He longed to win back the lost lands, but was often dismissed and left idle. His lyrics are bold and full of grief, and he loved to use stories from history. The "general of a hundred battles" and the "brave man's sad song" here also carry his own pain at a dream he could not fulfill.

辛弃疾（1140—1207），号稼轩，南宋大词人。他年轻时在北方带兵抗金，后来回到南宋，一心想收复失地，却多次被罢官闲居。他的词豪放悲壮，喜欢用历史故事。这首词里的“将军百战”“壮士悲歌”，也带着他自己壮志难酬的痛苦。

The mood意境

It opens with three birds calling one after another. Their cries drive spring away and the flowers fade, which is sad enough. But the poet says at once: this is nothing next to partings among people. Then, like turning the pages of a history book, he tells five stories of parting. Wang Zhaojun is sent to the far frontier. Empress Chen leaves the palace. Lady Zhuang Jiang sees off a consort. Li Ling and Su Wu part forever. Jing Ke says goodbye to his friends by the Yi River. The first three are partings of women, the last two of heroes, each more tragic than the one before. At the end he comes back to the birds: if they knew how much sorrow people bear, they would cry tears of blood. Only the last line gently turns to his cousin: once you are gone, who will drink with me under the moon? The structure is unusual, running the stories across the break between the two stanzas, and the scholar Wang Guowei praised how it is built.

开头写三种鸟一声接一声地叫，叫走了春天，花都谢了，已经够让人难过。可词人马上说：这还比不上人间的离别。接着他像翻一本历史书，讲了五个离别的故事：王昭君远嫁边塞，陈皇后离开皇宫，庄姜送别妃子，李陵和苏武永别，荆轲在易水告别朋友。前三个是女子的离别，后两个是英雄的离别，一个比一个悲壮。最后又回到鸟：鸟要是懂得人间这么多恨，就该哭出血来了。结尾一句“谁共我，醉明月”，才轻轻落到弟弟身上：你走了，谁陪我喝酒看月亮呢？这首词的结构很特别，打破了上下两段的界限，王国维很称赞它的章法。