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hán韩yuán元jí吉Han Yuanji · Song宋

Hao Shi Jin: Hearing the Court Musicians at a Banquet in Bianjing

níng凝bì碧jiù旧chí池tóu头

yì一tīng听guǎn管xián弦qī凄qiè切

duō多shǎo少lí梨yuán园shēng声zài在

zǒng总bù不kān堪huá华fà发

xìng杏huā花wú无chù处bì避chūn春chóu愁

yě也bàng傍yě野yān烟fā发

wéi惟yǒu有yù御gōu沟shēng声duàn断

sì似zhī知rén人wū呜yè咽

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

Line by line逐句翻译

凝碧旧池头By the pool of the old palace,在这旧日的宫苑池边，
一听管弦凄切I hear the music, and it sounds so sad.一听到乐曲，声音那么凄凉。
多少梨园声在So many of the old court tunes are still played here,这里还有多少当年宫廷里的老曲子啊，
总不堪华发but we grey-haired men cannot bear to hear them.可我们这些白发的人，怎么受得了。
杏花无处避春愁Even the apricot blossoms find nowhere to hide from spring's sorrow,杏花也找不到地方躲开春天的忧愁，
也傍野烟发and can only bloom beside the wild smoke.只能挨着荒野的烟雾开放。
惟有御沟声断Only the palace stream, its sound coming and going,只有宫里御沟的流水，断断续续，
似知人呜咽seems to understand us, and sobs quietly too.好像懂得人的心事，也在低声哭泣。

Words字词注释

凝碧旧池头níng bì jiù chí tóu: níng bì jiù chí tóu: by the old Ningbi Pool. Ningbi Pool was in the Tang palace at Luoyang. During the An Lushan Rebellion, the rebel leader An Lushan held a feast there and forced the Tang court musicians to play for him, and they wept. Here it stands for Bianjing, the old Northern Song capital, now held by the Jin.凝碧旧池头：凝碧池边。凝碧池是唐朝洛阳宫里的池子。安史之乱时，叛军头目安禄山在池边摆宴，逼唐朝的宫廷乐师给他奏乐，乐师们都伤心落泪。这里借它比喻被金国占领的北宋旧都汴京。
管弦guǎn xián: guǎn xián: wind and string instruments; music in general.管弦：管乐器和弦乐器，泛指音乐。
凄切qī qiè: qī qiè: sad and mournful.凄切：凄凉悲伤。
梨园lí yuán: lí yuán: the place where Emperor Xuanzong of Tang trained his court musicians; later, any court orchestra. Here it means the music of the old Northern Song court.梨园：唐玄宗训练宫廷乐人的地方，后来泛指宫廷乐队。这里指北宋宫廷留下来的乐曲。
不堪bù kān: bù kān: cannot bear.不堪：受不了。
华发huá fà: huá fà: grey hair; here, people whose hair has turned grey.华发：花白的头发。这里指头发已经白了的老人。
春愁chūn chóu: chūn chóu: the sorrow that spring brings.春愁：春天里引起的忧愁。
傍bàng: bàng: beside, next to.傍：靠着，挨着。
野烟yě yān: yě yān: smoke over wild, empty land. Wang Wei, writing about the An Lushan Rebellion, spoke of wild smoke rising over ten thousand grieving homes. Here it hints that Bianjing has fallen into ruin.野烟：荒野上的烟雾。王维写安史之乱时有“万户伤心生野烟”的句子，这里暗指汴京已经荒凉了。
御沟yù gōu: yù gōu: the channel of water that flows through the palace.御沟：流过皇宫的水沟。
声断shēng duàn: shēng duàn: its sound comes and goes.声断：水声断断续续。
呜咽wū yè: wū yè: to sob quietly.呜咽：低声地哭。

How to read it读音

发fà: In huá fà (grey hair) the character is read fà, meaning hair.“华发”指白头发，“发”读 fà。
发fā: Here the same character means to bloom, so it is read fā.“傍野烟发”的“发”是开花的意思，读 fā。
咽yè: In wū yè (to sob quietly) the character is read yè.“呜咽”是低声哭泣，“咽”读 yè。

Background创作背景

After the Northern Song fell, its capital Bianjing (today's Kaifeng in Henan) was taken by the Jin. It is usually said that in 1173 Han Yuanji went to the Jin as an envoy, to bring the Song court's greetings for the Jin emperor's birthday. When he passed through Bianjing, the Jin held a banquet for him. Some of the music played there was the old music of the Northern Song court. Hearing it, Han Yuanji felt deep grief and wrote this poem.

北宋灭亡后，都城汴京（今河南开封）被金国占领。一般认为，宋孝宗乾道九年（1173年），韩元吉作为使者去金国祝贺金国皇帝的生日。路过汴京时，金国人设宴招待他，席上演奏的音乐，有些还是北宋宫廷的旧曲。韩元吉听了，心里非常难过，写下这首词。

The poet作者

Han Yuanji (1118–1187) came from a family of Yongqiu near Kaifeng and later lived in Xinzhou, today's Shangrao in Jiangxi. He served as Minister of Rites and was a good friend of Xin Qiji and Lu You. His family home was near Bianjing, so returning to the old capital, now in enemy hands, hurt him all the more.

韩元吉（1118—1187），字无咎，号南涧，祖籍开封雍丘（今河南杞县），后来住在信州（今江西上饶）。他做过礼部尚书，和辛弃疾、陆游都是好朋友。他的老家就在汴京附近，所以回到被敌人占领的故都，他的感受格外深。

The mood意境

This poem is about a banquet, yet nothing about it feels festive. The poet opens with a Tang story: An Lushan forced the court musicians to play at Ningbi Pool, and they wept. Now Bianjing is held by the Jin, and the old Song music plays at the enemy's feast. How can a grey-haired man bear it? In the second half he does not say he is sad. He writes about apricot blossoms and flowing water instead. The blossoms cannot hide from sorrow and bloom beside the wild smoke. The palace stream comes and goes, as if it is crying too. If even flowers and water grieve, how much more does the man. Picture an empty old palace, spring flowers in the haze, and a grey-haired man quietly listening to tunes he knows.

这首词写的是一场宴会，却一点也不热闹。词人一开头就用唐朝凝碧池的故事：安禄山逼着宫廷乐师演奏，乐师们都哭了。如今汴京被金国占领，宋朝的旧曲在敌人的宴席上响起，白发的词人怎么受得了？下阕他不直接说自己伤心，而是写杏花、写流水。杏花没处躲开忧愁，只能挨着荒烟开放；宫里的流水断断续续，好像也在哭。连花和水都在难过，人的心情就更不用说了。读的时候，可以想象一座荒凉的旧宫殿，春花开在烟雾里，一个白发老人默默地听着熟悉的乐曲。