Tang poem · five-character regulated verse唐诗 · 五言律诗

gū孤yàn雁

cuī崔tú涂Cui Tu · Tang唐

The Lone Wild Goose

jǐ几háng行guī归sài塞jìn尽

niàn念ěr尔dú独hé何zhī之

mù暮yǔ雨xiāng相hū呼shī失

hán寒táng塘yù欲xià下chí迟

zhǔ渚yún云dī低àn暗dù度

guān关yuè月lěng冷xiāng相suí随

wèi未bì必féng逢zēng矰zhuó缴

gū孤fēi飞zì自kě可yí疑

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus titles this "The Lone Wild Goose, No. 2", since Cui Tu wrote two poems with this title. Its text reads "rows flying away" and "a single shadow" in the first two lines, "alone" in the fourth and "follows from afar" in the sixth. This page follows the common text of Three Hundred Tang Poems: "rows returning to the frontier", "I think of you", "wants to land" and "follows along".

语料题目作“孤雁二”（崔涂写过两首《孤雁》，这是第二首），文字作“几行归去尽，片影独何之”“寒塘独下迟”“关月冷遥随”。这里用《唐诗三百首》的通行本：“几行归塞尽，念尔独何之”“寒塘欲下迟”“关月冷相随”。

Line by line逐句翻译

几行归塞尽Row after row of geese have flown back north to the frontier.一行行大雁都飞回北方边塞去了，
念尔独何之I wonder about you, all alone: where will you go?我惦记着你，孤单的一只要飞到哪里去？
暮雨相呼失Calling in the evening rain, you have lost your companions.在傍晚的雨里呼唤同伴，却和它们走散了；
寒塘欲下迟You want to land on the cold pond, but hesitate to come down.想落到冷清的池塘上，又迟迟不敢落下。
渚云低暗度Under the low clouds by the islets, you fly on in the gloom,沿着小洲边低垂的云，你在昏暗中飞过；
关月冷相随and only the cold moon over the passes follows you.关塞上清冷的月亮，一路陪着你。
未必逢矰缴You may not meet a hunter's arrow,你不一定会碰上猎人的箭，
孤飞自可疑but flying alone, you cannot help being afraid.可是独自飞行，总免不了提心吊胆。

Words字词注释

几行jǐ háng: jǐ háng: several rows, meaning flocks of geese.几行：几排，指成群的大雁。
归塞guī sài: guī sài: to fly back to the northern frontier.归塞：飞回北方的边塞。
尽jìn: jìn: all gone, flown out of sight.尽：完，都飞走不见了。
念niàn: niàn: to think of, to worry about.念：想到，惦记。
尔ěr: ěr: you, meaning the lone goose.尔：你，指这只孤雁。
何之hé zhī: hé zhī: where to go. Zhī means to go.何之：到哪里去。之，往、去。
相呼失xiāng hū shī: xiāng hū shī: calling to its companions in the evening rain, yet losing them.相呼失：在暮雨中呼唤同伴，却和它们失散了。
寒塘hán táng: hán táng: a cold, lonely pond.寒塘：冷清的池塘。
欲下迟yù xià chí: yù xià chí: wanting to land and rest, yet hesitating, afraid to come down.欲下迟：想落下来歇一歇，又犹犹豫豫不敢落。
渚zhǔ: zhǔ: a small islet in the water.渚：水中的小块陆地。
暗度àn dù: àn dù: to fly past in the gloom.暗度：在昏暗中飞过去。
关月guān yuè: guān yuè: the moon over the frontier passes.关月：关塞上空的月亮。
未必wèi bì: wèi bì: not necessarily.未必：不一定。
矰缴zēng zhuó: zēng zhuó: a short arrow with a silk cord tied to it, used long ago to shoot birds. Here it means a hunter's hidden danger.矰缴：古代射鸟用的短箭，箭上系着丝绳。这里指猎人的暗害。
自可疑zì kě yí: zì kě yí: it is bound to feel uneasy and fearful by itself.自可疑：自己就会疑神疑鬼，提心吊胆。

How to read it读音

行háng: Jǐ háng means several rows of geese, so the character is read háng, not xíng.“几行”是几排大雁，“行”读 háng，不读 xíng。
缴zhuó: In zēng zhuó the second character is read zhuó, meaning the silk cord tied to an arrow. It is not jiǎo (to hand in).“矰缴”的“缴”读 zhuó，指系在箭上的丝绳，不读 jiǎo（上缴）。

Background创作背景

Cui Tu was a late Tang poet who spent most of his life wandering far from home, in Sichuan, Hunan, the northwest and many other places. He wrote two poems called "The Lone Wild Goose", and this is the better known. The goose that has lost its flock and flies on alone is usually seen as a picture of the poet himself. When and where he wrote it is no longer known.

崔涂是晚唐诗人，一生大多在外漂泊，到过巴蜀、湖湘、秦陇等许多地方。他写过两首《孤雁》，这是比较有名的一首。诗里那只和雁群失散、独自飞行的大雁，一般认为就是诗人自己的影子。这首诗具体写于哪一年、在哪里写的，已经不清楚了。

The poet作者

Cui Tu, also called Lishan, was a late Tang poet who passed the imperial exam in 888. He wandered all his life, always far from home, and his poems often tell of lonely journeys and homesickness. His lines about a night of wild hills and leftover snow, and a lone candle for a man in a strange land, are famous, and they share the mood of this poem.

崔涂，字礼山，晚唐诗人，唐僖宗光启四年（888年）考中进士。他一生漂泊，常年在外，诗里多写旅途的孤单和思乡的愁苦。他的《除夜有怀》里“乱山残雪夜，孤烛异乡人”两句很有名，和这首《孤雁》的心情很像。

The mood意境

From start to finish this poem is about one goose, drawn in fine detail. The flock has flown away, and only it is left, not knowing where to go. It is evening, and raining. It calls loudly to its companions, but no one answers. It sees a cold pond and wants to rest, but it is afraid and keeps putting off landing. It flies close under the low clouds, with only the cold moon following. At the end the poet comforts it: you may not meet a hunter's arrow, but flying alone, you will always feel uneasy. By now we see that the poet is writing about the goose and about himself: a man far from home, with no one to lean on, drifting alone through the world, always on edge.

这首诗从头到尾只写一只大雁，却写得非常细。雁群都飞走了，只剩它一只，不知道去哪儿。傍晚下着雨，它大声呼唤同伴，却没有回应；看到冷清的池塘，想下去歇歇，又害怕，迟迟不敢落。它贴着低低的云飞，只有天上的冷月跟着它。最后诗人安慰它：也不一定会碰到猎人的箭，可一个人飞，心里总是不安。读到这里，我们会发现，诗人写的是雁，也是自己：一个远离家乡、无依无靠的人，在世上孤零零地漂泊，时时提心吊胆。