Tang poem · five-character regulated verse唐诗 · 五言律诗

chǔ楚jiāng江huái怀gǔ古sān三shǒu首·qí其yī一

mǎ马dài戴Ma Dai · Tang唐

Recalling the Past on the Chu River (No. 1 of 3)

lù露qì气hán寒guāng光jí集

wēi微yáng阳xià下chǔ楚qiū丘

yuán猿tí啼dòng洞tíng庭shù树

rén人zài在mù木lán兰zhōu舟

guǎng广zé泽shēng生míng明yuè月

cāng苍shān山jiā夹luàn乱liú流

yún云zhōng中jūn君bú不jiàng降

jìng竟xī夕zì自bēi悲qiū秋

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

This collection writes the word for ape with an old variant character. The common text uses the standard form; the meaning is the same.

这本诗集里写作“猨啼”，“猨”是“猿”的异体字，通行本写作“猿啼”。

Line by line逐句翻译

露气寒光集Damp dew and cold light gather together;露水的湿气和清冷的光聚在一起，
微阳下楚丘the faint sun sinks behind the hills of Chu.微弱的夕阳，落到了楚地的山丘后面。
猿啼洞庭树Apes cry in the trees by Dongting Lake,洞庭湖边的树上，传来猿猴的叫声，
人在木兰舟and I sit in a magnolia boat.我坐在一条木兰小船上。
广泽生明月Over the wide water a bright moon rises;宽阔的湖面上，升起一轮明月，
苍山夹乱流dark hills press in on the churning stream.青黑的山，夹着奔腾的江水。
云中君不降The Lord in the Clouds does not come down,云神始终没有降下来，
竟夕自悲秋and all night long I grieve alone for autumn.我一整夜独自为秋天伤感。

Words字词注释

露气lù qì: lù qì: the damp air of the dew.露气：露水的湿气。
寒光hán guāng: hán guāng: cold light, the chilly glow of evening.寒光：清冷的光，指傍晚时冷冷的天色。
集jí: jí: to gather.集：聚在一起。
微阳wēi yáng: wēi yáng: faint sunlight, the sun about to set.微阳：微弱的阳光，指快落山的太阳。
楚丘chǔ qiū: chǔ qiū: the hills of Chu. Chu was an old state around today's Hunan and Hubei.楚丘：楚地的山丘。楚，古代楚国一带，今天湖南、湖北等地。
猿啼yuán tí: yuán tí: apes crying.猿啼：猿猴叫。
洞庭dòng tíng: dòng tíng: Dongting Lake, in northern Hunan.洞庭：洞庭湖，在湖南北部。
木兰舟mù lán zhōu: mù lán zhōu: a boat of magnolia wood, a fine name for a boat.木兰舟：用木兰树做的船，是对船的美称。
广泽guǎng zé: guǎng zé: a wide stretch of water, meaning Dongting Lake.广泽：宽阔的湖面，指洞庭湖。
苍山cāng shān: cāng shān: dark green hills.苍山：青黑色的山。
夹乱流jiā luàn liú: jiā luàn liú: hills on both sides pressing in on the rushing water. Luàn liú means churning water.夹乱流：两边的山夹着奔流的江水。乱流，翻滚的水流。
云中君yún zhōng jūn: yún zhōng jūn: the Lord in the Clouds, a cloud god. One of Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" is about him.云中君：云神。屈原的《九歌》里有一篇叫《云中君》，写的就是这位神。
不降bú jiàng: bù jiàng: does not come down.不降：没有降落下来。
竟夕jìng xī: jìng xī: the whole night.竟夕：整整一夜。
悲秋bēi qiū: bēi qiū: to grieve over autumn.悲秋：因为秋天而伤感。

Background创作背景

The Chu River means the rivers of Chu, here around Dongting Lake and the Xiang River. Recalling the past means thinking of people and events of long ago. This was the land of the old state of Chu, where the great poet Qu Yuan once wandered. It is usually thought that Ma Dai was sent down to a small post at Longyang, today's Hanshou in Hunan, early in Emperor Xuanzong's Dazhong years, and wrote this set of poems there. On the river in autumn he thought of Qu Yuan, and of his own exile too.

楚江，指楚地的江河，这里在洞庭湖、湘江一带。怀古，就是想念古代的人和事。这里是古代楚国的地方，大诗人屈原曾经在这一带流浪。一般认为，马戴在唐宣宗大中初年被贬为龙阳尉（在今天湖南汉寿），这组诗是他在那里时写的。他在秋天的江上想起屈原，也想到自己被贬的遭遇。

The poet作者

Ma Dai, courtesy name Yuchen, was a late Tang poet; the years of his birth and death are unknown. He passed the imperial exam in the Huichang years of Emperor Wuzong. He held small posts and was once sent away. His poems are often about travel and the frontier, clear and graceful, and he was highly praised among late Tang poets, especially for five-character regulated verse.

马戴，字虞臣，晚唐诗人，生卒年不详，唐武宗会昌年间考中进士。他做过小官，也被贬过。他的诗多写羁旅和边塞，风格清丽，在晚唐诗人中很受称赞，特别擅长五言律诗。

The mood意境

This poem is like a painting that slowly grows dark. First comes evening: the dew is damp, the light is cold, and the sun sinks behind the hills. Then apes cry in the trees by the lake, and the poet sits alone in a little boat. The sound is mournful, and he is lonely. Next the moon rises over the wide lake, and dark hills on both sides press in on the churning water. Suddenly the scene is huge and still. The last two lines turn to Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan wrote a song about the Lord in the Clouds, hoping the god would come down, but the god did not come. Here the poet too waits for something that does not come, and spends the night grieving for autumn. The lines about the moon rising over the lake and hills pressing on the stream are broad and strong, and they are the most praised.

这首诗像一幅慢慢变暗的画。先是傍晚：露水湿了，光冷了，太阳落到山后面。然后是猿猴在湖边树上叫，诗人一个人坐在小船上，声音凄凉，人很孤单。接着月亮从宽阔的湖面升起，两边的青山夹着翻滚的江水，画面一下子变得又大又静。最后两句想到屈原：屈原写过《云中君》，盼着云神降临，可云神没有来；诗人在这里也等不到什么，只能一夜悲秋。“广泽生明月，苍山夹乱流”两句，写得开阔又有力，最受人称道。