No. 10 · Song lyric · ci lyric, two stanzas, 97 characters第 10 首 · 宋词 · 词·双调九十七字

bā八shēng声gān甘zhōu州·duì对xiāo潇xiāo潇mù暮yǔ雨sǎ洒jiāng江tiān天

liǔ柳yǒng永Liu Yong · Song宋

Basheng Ganzhou: Facing the Evening Rain

duì对xiāo潇xiāo潇mù暮yǔ雨sǎ洒jiāng江tiān天

yì一fān番xǐ洗qīng清qiū秋

jiàn渐shuāng霜fēng风qī凄jǐn紧

guān关hé河lěng冷luò落

cán残zhào照dāng当lóu楼

shì是chù处hóng红shuāi衰cuì翠jiǎn减

rǎn苒rǎn苒wù物huá华xiū休

wéi惟yǒu有cháng长jiāng江shuǐ水

wú无yǔ语dōng东liú流

bù不rěn忍dēng登gāo高lín临yuǎn远

wàng望gù故xiāng乡miǎo渺miǎo邈

guī归sī思nán难shōu收

tàn叹nián年lái来zōng踪jì迹

hé何shì事kǔ苦yān淹liú留

xiǎng想jiā佳rén人zhuāng妆lóu楼yóng颙wàng望

wù误jǐ几huí回tiān天jì际shí识guī归zhōu舟

zhēng争zhī知wǒ我

yǐ倚lán阑gān干chù处

zhèng正nèn恁níng凝chóu愁

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus reads qī cǎn, "bleak and miserable", where the common text has qī jǐn, "cold and sharp". We use the common text. The corpus also marks small pauses inside some phrases; here the lines are split by the textbook's punctuation.

语料库作“渐霜风凄惨”，通行本作“渐霜风凄紧”，这里用通行本。另外语料库用顿号把“对潇潇”“想佳人”“误几回”“争知我”隔开，这里按课本的标点分句。

Line by line逐句翻译

对潇潇暮雨洒江天I face the heavy evening rain pouring over the river and sky,面对着潇潇的暮雨洒满江天，
一番洗清秋one long shower that washes autumn cold and clear.一场雨把秋天洗得清清冷冷。
渐霜风凄紧Little by little the frost wind turns cold and sharp.霜风渐渐变得又冷又急，
关河冷落The passes and rivers lie empty and bleak,山河一片冷清，
残照当楼and the last light of the sun falls on my tower.夕阳的余光照在楼上。
是处红衰翠减Everywhere the red has faded and the green has thinned,到处花谢叶落，
苒苒物华休and all the beauty of things is slowly fading away.美好的景色慢慢都没有了。
惟有长江水Only the waters of the Yangtze只有长江的水，
无语东流flow on to the east without a word.默默地向东流去。
不忍登高临远I cannot bear to climb high and look far,我不忍心登上高处向远方望，
望故乡渺邈for my home is far off and out of sight,故乡远远的，看不清，
归思难收and my longing to go back will not be held.想家的心再也收不住。
叹年来踪迹I sigh over my wandering these years.感叹这些年东奔西走，
何事苦淹留Why must I stay away so long?为什么要苦苦地留在外面？
想佳人妆楼颙望I picture my love in her upstairs room, gazing out in hope,想到心爱的人在楼上抬头盼望，
误几回天际识归舟how many times mistaking a far-off boat for mine coming home.好几次把天边的船错当成我回家的船。
争知我How could she know that I,她怎么知道我，
倚阑干处leaning on the railing right now,此刻正靠着栏杆，
正恁凝愁am just as full of sorrow?也这样满心愁苦。

Words字词注释

潇潇xiāo xiāo: xiāo xiāo: the sound and look of heavy, steady rain.潇潇：雨又急又密的样子。
暮雨mù yǔ: mù yǔ: evening rain.暮雨：傍晚的雨。
洒江天sǎ jiāng tiān: sǎ jiāng tiān: the rain falls over the river and the whole sky.洒江天：雨洒满了江面和天空。
一番yì fān: yì fān: one round, one spell.一番：一阵，一遍。
洗清秋xǐ qīng qiū: xǐ qīng qiū: washes autumn clean and clear.洗清秋：把秋天洗得清清爽爽。
霜风shuāng fēng: shuāng fēng: the cold wind of late autumn, the frost wind.霜风：深秋带着寒意的风。
凄紧qī jǐn: qī jǐn: cold and sharp.凄紧：又冷又急。
关河guān hé: guān hé: mountain passes and rivers, the land in general.关河：关口和河流，泛指山河大地。
冷落lěng luò: lěng luò: cold and lonely, with no one around.冷落：冷清，没有人气。
残照当楼cán zhào dāng lóu: cán zhào dāng lóu: the last light of the setting sun shines right on the tower.残照当楼：快落山的太阳正照在楼上。残照，夕阳的余光。
是处shì chù: shì chù: everywhere.是处：到处。
红衰翠减hóng shuāi cuì jiǎn: hóng shuāi cuì jiǎn: the red flowers have faded, the green leaves have thinned.红衰翠减：红花凋谢，绿叶稀少。
苒苒rǎn rǎn: rǎn rǎn: slowly, little by little.苒苒：慢慢地。
物华休wù huá xiū: wù huá xiū: the beauty of things has come to an end.物华休：美好的景物都消失了。物华，美好的景物。
惟有wéi yǒu: wéi yǒu: only.惟有：只有。
无语wú yǔ: wú yǔ: without a word.无语：不说话，没有声音。
登高临远dēng gāo lín yuǎn: dēng gāo lín yuǎn: to climb high and look far away.登高临远：登上高处，望向远方。
渺邈miǎo miǎo: miǎo miǎo: far away and dim.渺邈：遥远，看不清。
归思guī sī: guī sī: the longing to go home.归思：想回家的心思。
难收nán shōu: nán shōu: hard to hold back.难收：收不住，停不下来。
踪迹zōng jì: zōng jì: footprints, where one has been.踪迹：走过的路，行踪。
淹留yān liú: yān liú: to stay away for a long time.淹留：长久地停留在外。
佳人jiā rén: jiā rén: a beautiful woman. Here it is the wife or loved one the poet misses.佳人：美丽的女子，这里指作者想念的妻子或爱人。
妆楼zhuāng lóu: zhuāng lóu: the upstairs room where a woman dresses and does her hair.妆楼：女子梳妆打扮的楼。
颙望yóng wàng: yóng wàng: to look up and gaze in hope.颙望：抬着头盼望。
误几回wù jǐ huí: wù jǐ huí: mistaken how many times.误几回：好几次认错了。
天际识归舟tiān jì shí guī zhōu: tiān jì shí guī zhōu: she sees a boat on the horizon and thinks it is his boat coming home.天际识归舟：把天边的船错当成是爱人回家的船。
争知zhēng zhī: zhēng zhī: how could she know.争知：怎么知道。
阑干lán gān: lán gān: a railing.阑干：栏杆。
正恁zhèng nèn: zhèng nèn: just like this.正恁：正这样。
凝愁níng chóu: níng chóu: sorrow frozen solid in the heart.凝愁：愁苦凝结在心里，解不开。

How to read it读音

思sī: Today it is read sī. In old times, when it was a noun meaning "thoughts", it was read sì, so some older readings say guī sì.现在读 sī。古时候“思”当名词（心思）用时读去声 sì，所以旧时也有人读 guī sì。
争zhēng: Here it stands for "how" and is read zhēng.争，这里同“怎”，意思是“怎么”，读 zhēng。
恁nèn: Here it is read nèn and means "so, like this".恁，这里读 nèn，意思是“这样、如此”。

Background创作背景

Liu Yong spent most of his life on the road. He failed the imperial exam many times, and when he did hold office it was only small posts, so he often moved from place to place. This lyric is set in late autumn. Far from home, he climbs a tower, looks into the distance, and misses his home and the woman he loves. We no longer know the year or the place. It is said that Su Shi admired the lines about the frost wind, the bleak land and the last sunlight, and said they were as good as the finest Tang poems.

柳永一生大半在外面漂泊。他考试多次落榜，做官也只做了小官，常常在各地奔走。这首词写深秋时节，他在异乡登楼远望，想念故乡和心爱的人。具体是哪一年、在哪里写的，已经说不清了。据说苏轼很欣赏“渐霜风凄紧，关河冷落，残照当楼”几句，说它不比唐诗的好句子差。

The poet作者

Liu Yong (about 984 to about 1053) was a Northern Song poet, first named Liu Sanbian. He knew music well and wrote many long, slow lyrics, which made the form much richer. His words were easy to understand and sung everywhere. People said that wherever there was a well to drink from, someone was singing Liu Yong.

柳永（约984—约1053），北宋词人，原名柳三变。他精通音乐，写了大量长篇的慢词，让词这种形式变得更丰富。他的词通俗好懂，传唱很广，有“凡有井水饮处，即能歌柳词”的说法，意思是有井水的地方就有人唱他的词。

The mood意境

The first stanza paints autumn, getting colder layer by layer. First an evening downpour washes the season cold and clear. Then the frost wind sharpens, the land turns bleak, and only the setting sun lights the tower. All around, flowers have fallen and leaves have dropped; every lovely thing is gone. Only the Yangtze flows east in silence, the way time slips away. The second stanza turns to feeling. He dare not climb high, because looking far only makes him miss home more. He asks himself why he has stayed away all these years. Then he changes viewpoint and imagines his love at home, gazing out from her room every day, more than once mistaking a stranger's boat for his. Finally he comes back to himself: she cannot know that he, too, is leaning on a railing right now, just as sad. Two people a thousand miles apart, each missing the other, and the sorrow doubles.

上阕写秋景，一层一层越来越冷。先是傍晚一场大雨，把秋天洗得清冷；接着霜风变急，山河冷清，只剩夕阳照在楼上；再看四周，花谢了，叶落了，美好的东西都没了。只有长江水不说话，一直向东流，好像时间也这样流走。下阕写心情。他不敢登高，因为一看远方就更想家。他问自己：为什么这些年一直留在外面？然后他换一个角度，想象家里的爱人每天在楼上张望，好几次把别人的船当成他的船。最后又回到自己：她哪里知道，我此刻也靠着栏杆，一样发愁。两个人隔着千里，互相想念，愁就加倍了。