Tang poem · seven-character old-style poem唐诗 · 七言古诗

āi哀jiāng江tóu头

dù杜fǔ甫Du Fu · Tang唐

Lament by the Riverside

shào少líng陵yě野lǎo老tūn吞shēng声kū哭

chūn春rì日qián潜xíng行qū曲jiāng江qū曲

jiāng江tóu头gōng宫diàn殿suǒ锁qiān千mén门

xì细liǔ柳xīn新pú蒲wèi为shuí谁lǜ绿

yì忆xī昔ní霓jīng旌xià下nán南yuàn苑

yuàn苑zhōng中wàn万wù物shēng生yán颜sè色

zhāo昭yáng阳diàn殿lǐ里dì第yī一rén人

tóng同niǎn辇suí随jūn君shì侍jūn君cè侧

niǎn辇qián前cái才rén人dài带gōng弓jiàn箭

bái白mǎ马jiáo嚼niè啮huáng黄jīn金lè勒

fān翻shēn身xiàng向tiān天yǎng仰shè射yún云

yí一xiào笑zhèng正zhuì坠shuāng双fēi飞yì翼

míng明móu眸hào皓chǐ齿jīn今hé何zài在

xuè血wū污yóu游hún魂guī归bù不dé得

qīng清wèi渭dōng东liú流jiàn剑gé阁shēn深

qù去zhù住bǐ彼cǐ此wú无xiāo消xī息

rén人shēng生yǒu有qíng情lèi泪zhān沾yì臆

jiāng江shuǐ水jiāng江huā花qǐ岂zhōng终jí极

huáng黄hūn昏hú胡qí骑chén尘mǎn满chéng城

yù欲wǎng往chéng城nán南wàng望chéng城běi北

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

This follows the common text, as in Three Hundred Tang Poems. The source has "one arrow" instead of "one laugh" in line 12, and "forgot south from north" instead of "looks toward the north of the city" in the last line. Old books already differ at these two places. The character for "sword" in line 15 is also written in an old variant form in the source.

这里用《唐诗三百首》等通行本。原始资料里“一笑正坠双飞翼”作“一箭正坠双飞翼”，“欲往城南望城北”作“欲往城南忘南北”，这两处古书里本来就有不同写法。“剑”原作异体字“劒”。

Line by line逐句翻译

少陵野老吞声哭I, the old countryman of Shaoling, cry without a sound.我这个少陵的乡下老头，把哭声咽进肚子里。
春日潜行曲江曲On a spring day I creep to a quiet bend of the Qujiang.春天里，我偷偷来到曲江边一个弯曲偏僻的地方。
江头宫殿锁千门By the river, the thousand gates of the palaces are all locked.江边的宫殿，千道门全都锁上了。
细柳新蒲为谁绿The thin willows and new cattails: for whom do they turn green?细细的柳条、新长的蒲草，又是为谁绿的呢？
忆昔霓旌下南苑I remember when the emperor's rainbow flags came down to the southern park.想起从前，皇帝的彩旗来到南苑，
苑中万物生颜色Everything in the park seemed to glow.园子里的一切都好像有了光彩。
昭阳殿里第一人The first lady of the Zhaoyang Hall昭阳殿里最受宠爱的那个人，
同辇随君侍君侧rode in the emperor's carriage, beside him, at his side.和皇帝坐一辆车，跟着他，陪在他身边。
辇前才人带弓箭In front of the carriage, palace women carried bows and arrows.车前的女官背着弓箭，
白马嚼啮黄金勒Their white horses chewed on golden bits.骑的白马咬着金色的马嚼子。
翻身向天仰射云One turned in the saddle, looked up and shot into the clouds.一个女官翻过身子，抬头向云里射去，
一笑正坠双飞翼Lady Yang laughed as a pair of birds fell together.贵妃笑了，一对并飞的鸟正好掉了下来。
明眸皓齿今何在Those bright eyes and white teeth, where are they now?那明亮的眼睛、洁白的牙齿，如今在哪里？
血污游魂归不得She is a wandering ghost stained with blood, and cannot come home.她成了沾着血的游魂，回不来了。
清渭东流剑阁深The clear Wei flows east; the pass at Jiange is deep and far.清清的渭水向东流，剑阁山路又深又远，
去住彼此无消息The one who went and the one who stayed hear nothing of each other.走了的和留下的，彼此再没有消息。
人生有情泪沾臆People have feelings; my tears wet my chest.人是有感情的，眼泪打湿了胸口。
江水江花岂终极But the river and its flowers never end.江水和江花，却哪会有个尽头。
黄昏胡骑尘满城At dusk the rebel horsemen raise dust over the whole city.黄昏时，叛军的骑兵扬起尘土，满城都是。
欲往城南望城北I mean to go to the south of the city, yet I keep looking north.我想回城南的住处，却还回头望着城北。

Words字词注释

少陵野老shào líng yě lǎo: shào líng yě lǎo: "the old countryman of Shaoling", a name Du Fu gave himself. Shaoling lies south of Chang'an, where his family once lived.少陵野老：杜甫给自己起的称号。少陵在长安城南，杜甫的祖上住在那一带。野老，乡下老头。
吞声哭tūn shēng kū: tūn shēng kū: to cry without making a sound, swallowing the sobs.吞声哭：哭的时候不敢出声，把哭声咽下去。
潜行qián xíng: qián xíng: to walk in secret, afraid of being seen.潜行：偷偷地走，怕被人发现。
曲江曲qū jiāng qū: qū jiāng qū: a quiet bend of the Qujiang. Qujiang was a lake park in the southeast of Chang'an, where the emperor and nobles used to come and play.曲江曲：曲江边上弯曲偏僻的地方。曲江是长安城东南的风景区，从前皇帝和贵人常来游玩。
锁千门suǒ qiān mén: suǒ qiān mén: a thousand gates are locked; no one is there.锁千门：许多宫门都关着，上了锁，没有人了。
新蒲xīn pú: xīn pú: new cattail shoots, a grass that grows by the water.新蒲：刚长出来的蒲草，一种长在水边的草。
为谁绿wèi shuí lǜ: wèi shuí lǜ: for whom do they turn green? No one comes to see them now.为谁绿：为谁变绿呢？意思是没有人来看了。
霓旌ní jīng: ní jīng: flags bright as a rainbow, carried when the emperor went out. Here they stand for the emperor's train.霓旌：像彩虹一样五颜六色的旗子，是皇帝出行时用的。这里代指皇帝的队伍。
南苑nán yuàn: nán yuàn: the southern park, a royal garden near Qujiang.南苑：曲江东南的芙蓉苑，皇家的园林。
生颜色shēng yán sè: shēng yán sè: gained a glow, looked brighter.生颜色：增添了光彩，变得更好看。
昭阳殿里第一人zhāo yáng diàn lǐ dì yī rén: zhāo yáng diàn lǐ dì yī rén: the first lady of the Zhaoyang Hall. That was a Han palace, home of the Han emperor's favorite. Here it means Yang Guifei, the favorite of Emperor Xuanzong.昭阳殿里第一人：昭阳殿是汉朝宫殿，汉成帝最宠爱的赵飞燕姐妹住过。这里借来指唐玄宗最宠爱的杨贵妃。
同辇tóng niǎn: tóng niǎn: to ride in the same carriage. Niǎn is the emperor's carriage.同辇：坐同一辆车。辇，皇帝坐的车。
侍君侧shì jūn cè: shì jūn cè: to wait at the emperor's side.侍君侧：陪在皇帝身边。
才人cái rén: cái rén: women officers of the palace.才人：宫里的女官。
嚼啮jiáo niè: jiáo niè: biting, chewing on.嚼啮：咬着。
黄金勒huáng jīn lè: huáng jīn lè: a golden bit. Lè is the strap and metal piece put in a horse's mouth.黄金勒：用黄金装饰的马嚼子。勒，套在马嘴上的带子和铁环。
仰射云yǎng shè yún: yǎng shè yún: to look up and shoot into the clouds.仰射云：抬起头向云里射箭。
一笑yí xiào: yī xiào: Lady Yang laughed once. Some texts have "one arrow" here.一笑：贵妃看了一笑。一作“一箭”。
双飞翼shuāng fēi yì: shuāng fēi yì: a pair of birds flying wing by wing.双飞翼：一对并排飞的鸟。
明眸皓齿míng móu hào chǐ: míng móu hào chǐ: bright eyes and white teeth, meaning the beautiful Lady Yang.明眸皓齿：明亮的眼睛，洁白的牙齿。指美丽的杨贵妃。
血污游魂xuè wū yóu hún: xuè wū yóu hún: a wandering ghost stained with blood. Lady Yang was forced to die at Mawei.血污游魂：被血弄脏、四处飘荡的鬼魂。杨贵妃在马嵬坡被逼死。
清渭qīng wèi: qīng wèi: the clear Wei River. Lady Yang died and was buried at Mawei near the Wei.清渭：清清的渭水。杨贵妃死在渭水边的马嵬坡，也埋在那里。
剑阁jiàn gé: jiàn gé: Jiange, a steep mountain pass in northern Sichuan. Emperor Xuanzong passed it when he fled to Sichuan.剑阁：四川北部的险要山路，唐玄宗逃往四川时走过这里。
去住彼此qù zhù bǐ cǐ: qù zhù bǐ cǐ: the one who left and the one who stayed: the emperor went on, Lady Yang stayed buried by the Wei.去住彼此：走了的和留下的，一个和另一个。走的是玄宗，留下的是埋在渭水边的贵妃。
泪沾臆lèi zhān yì: lèi zhān yì: tears wet his chest. Yì means chest.泪沾臆：眼泪打湿了胸口。臆，胸口。
岂终极qǐ zhōng jí: qǐ zhōng jí: how could they ever end? The river flows and the flowers bloom as always.岂终极：哪会有尽头。江水照样流，江花照样开，永远不会停。
胡骑hú qí: hú qí: the rebels' horsemen. An Lushan's army had many soldiers from northern peoples.胡骑：叛军的骑兵。安禄山的军队里有许多北方少数民族的士兵。
望城北wàng chéng běi: wàng chéng běi: looking toward the north of the city. One view: the new emperor was north of Chang'an, and Du Fu longed for his army. Some texts read "forgot south from north": he was too upset to know which way to go.望城北：往城北看。一说当时唐肃宗在长安的北方，杜甫盼着朝廷的军队。一作“忘南北”，意思是心里乱，连南北都分不清了。

How to read it读音

少shào: Read shào here, as in the place name Shaoling. The character is read shǎo when it means few.少陵读 shào。“少”表示年轻、小时读 shào，表示数量不多时读 shǎo。
曲qū: In the name Qujiang it means winding, so it is read qū, not qǔ as in a song.曲江的“曲”是弯曲的意思，读 qū，不读唱歌的 qǔ。
曲qū: The last character means a bend of the river, also read qū.句末的“曲”是江水弯曲的角落，也读 qū。
嚼jiáo: Usually read jiáo today. It is read jué in a few written words such as "chew over".现在一般读 jiáo。“咀嚼”等书面词里读 jué。
骑qí: Textbooks today read it qí. When it means horsemen, the old reading is jì.现在课本读 qí。“骑”作名词指骑兵、马队时，旧读 jì。

Background创作背景

In 755 the general An Lushan rose in revolt. The next year Chang'an fell. Emperor Xuanzong fled to Sichuan, and on the way, at Mawei, he was forced to let Lady Yang die. Du Fu was trying to reach the new emperor, Suzong, when the rebels caught him and took him to Chang'an. The poem is usually dated to the spring of 757. Trapped in the city, he slipped out to Qujiang. The once lively place was empty, and he wrote this poem.

公元755年，安禄山起兵叛乱，史称安史之乱。第二年长安失守，唐玄宗逃往四川，路上在马嵬坡被迫让杨贵妃自尽。杜甫在投奔新皇帝唐肃宗的路上被叛军抓住，带到长安。一般认为这首诗写于至德二载（757年）春天，他被困在长安，偷偷来到曲江边，看到昔日热闹的地方一片冷清，写下了这首诗。

The poet作者

Du Fu (712–770) was a great Tang poet, called the Sage of Poetry. He lived through the An Lushan Rebellion and saw his country fall from glory. Many of his poems are about the war and its people, so they are called a history in verse. He wrote this poem, like "Spring View", while trapped in Chang'an.

杜甫（712—770），唐代大诗人，被称为“诗圣”。他经历了安史之乱，亲眼看到国家由盛转衰，许多诗写的都是战乱中的百姓和国家，所以他的诗被称为“诗史”。这首诗和《春望》都是他被困长安时写的。

The mood意境

The poem opens with an old man who dare not cry out loud, creeping along an empty riverbank. The palace gates are locked, but the willows and cattails turn green as always. With no one to see them, for whom are they green? Then he remembers the past. The emperor and Lady Yang share a carriage. Palace women ride white horses. One arrow brings down a pair of birds, and Lady Yang laughs. How lively it was! The next lines snap back to now. That lovely woman is a ghost stained with blood. She lies by the Wei River, the emperor is on the roads of Sichuan, and neither hears from the other. People weep, but the river and its flowers do not feel sorrow; they flow and bloom as always. At last rebel horses fill the city with dust, and the poet's mind is in turmoil. Lively against empty, past against present: the sharper the contrast, the deeper the grief. He mourns not just Lady Yang but the lost glory of the whole country.

诗一开头就是一个不敢出声哭的老人，偷偷走在空荡荡的江边。宫门全锁，柳树和蒲草却照样发绿，没人看了，它们为谁绿呢？接着诗人回忆从前：皇帝和贵妃同坐一车，女官骑着白马，一箭射下一对飞鸟，贵妃开心地笑。那时多么热闹。可下一句马上转回现在：那么美的人，已经成了沾血的孤魂。一个埋在渭水边，一个走在四川的山路上，再也没有消息。人会哭，江水江花却不懂悲伤，照样流、照样开。最后，叛军的马蹄扬起满城尘土，诗人心里乱成一团。一热闹一冷清，一过去一现在，对比越强，悲伤越深。诗人哀的不只是贵妃，更是整个国家的盛世没了。