Tang poem · five-character regulated verse唐诗 · 五言律诗

zhì至dé德èr二zǎi载fǔ甫zì自jīng京jīn金guāng光mén门chū出jiàn间dào道guī归fèng凤xiáng翔qián乾yuán元chū初cóng从zuǒ左shí拾yí遗yí移huà华zhōu州yuàn掾yǔ与qīn亲gù故bié别yīn因chū出cǐ此mén门yǒu有bēi悲wǎng往shì事

dù杜fǔ甫Du Fu · Tang唐

Leaving Again Through the Jinguang Gate

cǐ此dào道xī昔guī归shùn顺

xī西jiāo郊hú胡zhèng正fán繁

zhì至jīn今cán残pò破dǎn胆

yīng应yǒu有wèi未zhāo招hún魂

jìn近shì侍guī归jīng京yì邑

yí移guān官qǐ岂zhì至zūn尊

wú无cái才rì日shuāi衰lǎo老

zhù驻mǎ马wàng望qiān千mén门

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus title has "wèn dào", a slip for "jiàn dào", a hidden side path. Line five reads "jìn dé guī jīng yì" in the corpus; the common text has "jìn shì guī jīng yì", which is used here. Some editions give line three as "zhì jīn yóu pò dǎn".

语料题目里的“问道”是“间道”之误。间道（jiàn dào）就是偏僻的小路。第五句语料作“近得归京邑”，通行本作“近侍归京邑”，这里用通行本。第三句也有版本作“至今犹破胆”。

Line by line逐句翻译

此道昔归顺Long ago I fled down this very road to join the court.当年我就是从这条路逃出去，投奔朝廷的，
西郊胡正繁Back then the western outskirts swarmed with rebels.那时长安西郊到处都是叛军。
至今残破胆Even today my courage is still shattered;直到今天，我还觉得胆战心惊，
应有未招魂surely part of my soul, scared away, has not come back.想必还有被吓跑的魂没招回来。
近侍归京邑Later I came back to the capital to serve near the emperor.后来我跟着皇帝回到了京城，
移官岂至尊Now I am sent away. Can this really be the emperor's wish?如今被调走，难道是皇上的本意吗？
无才日衰老I have no great talent, and I grow older every day.我没有什么才能，又一天天老了，
驻马望千门So I stop my horse and look back at the palace's thousand gates.只好停下马来，回头望着皇宫的重重宫门。

Words字词注释

此道cǐ dào: cǐ dào: this road, the road out through the Jinguang Gate, a gate on the west side of Chang'an.此道：这条路，指从金光门出去的路。金光门是长安城西边的一座城门。
归顺guī shùn: guī shùn: to go over to the rightful court. Du Fu fled rebel-held Chang'an to join Emperor Suzong.归顺：投奔朝廷。指杜甫从叛军占领的长安逃出来，去投奔唐肃宗。
胡正繁hú zhèng fán: hú zhèng fán: the rebels were everywhere. Hú here means the rebel army of An Lushan and Shi Siming.胡正繁：叛军正多。胡，这里指安禄山、史思明的叛军。
破胆pò dǎn: pò dǎn: scared out of one's wits.破胆：吓破了胆。
未招魂wèi zhāo hún: wèi zhāo hún: the soul that fled in fright has not yet been called back. People long ago believed a great fright could drive the soul from the body, and it had to be called home.未招魂：吓跑的魂还没有招回来。古人认为人受了大惊吓，魂会离开身体，要招魂才能回来。
近侍jìn shì: jìn shì: an official who serves close to the emperor. Du Fu was then a Left Reminder, a minor post for giving the emperor advice.近侍：在皇帝身边做事的官。杜甫当时做左拾遗，是给皇帝提意见的小官。
京邑jīng yì: jīng yì: the capital, Chang'an.京邑：京城，指长安。
移官yí guān: yí guān: to be moved to another post. Here it really means a demotion to a small post in Huazhou.移官：调动官职。这里其实是降职，被贬到华州去做小官。
岂至尊qǐ zhì zūn: qǐ zhì zūn: could this be the emperor's own wish? Zhì zūn, the most honored one, means the emperor.岂至尊：难道是皇帝的意思吗？至尊，最尊贵的人，指皇帝。
日衰老rì shuāi lǎo: rì shuāi lǎo: growing older day by day.日衰老：一天天老下去。
驻马zhù mǎ: zhù mǎ: to stop one's horse.驻马：让马停下来。
千门qiān mén: qiān mén: the thousand gates of the palace, standing for the palace itself.千门：皇宫里一重又一重的宫门，代指皇宫。

How to read it读音

应yīng: yīng: here it means surely, must be, so it is read yīng.应：这里读 yīng，意思是应该、想必。

Background创作背景

The long title tells the whole story. In 757, Chang'an was held by the An Lushan rebels. Du Fu slipped out through the Jinguang Gate and took side paths to Fengxiang to join Emperor Suzong, who made him a Left Reminder. In 758, because he had spoken up for the chief minister Fang Guan, he was demoted to a minor post in Huazhou. Leaving Chang'an, he went out through the same gate, remembered his escape a year before, and wrote this poem in sorrow.

题目很长，讲清了来龙去脉。至德二载（757年），长安被安史叛军占领，杜甫冒险从金光门出城，走小路逃到凤翔，投奔唐肃宗，做了左拾遗。乾元元年（758年），他因为替宰相房琯说话，被贬为华州司功参军。离开长安时，他又从金光门出城，想起一年前的逃难，心里很难过，就写了这首诗。

The poet作者

Du Fu (712 to 770) was a great Tang poet, called the Sage of Poetry. All his life he cared about his country and its people. He fled for his life during the An Lushan Rebellion and wanted with all his heart to help the emperor set things right. But he spoke too frankly and was soon pushed out of the court. After leaving Chang'an this time, he never served at court again.

杜甫（712—770），唐代大诗人，被称为“诗圣”。他一生关心国家和百姓。安史之乱中他亲身逃难，又一心想帮皇帝把国家治理好。可是他说话太直，很快就被赶出朝廷。这次离开长安以后，他再也没有回到朝廷做官。

The mood意境

This poem sets two trips through the same gate side by side. The first time, Du Fu risked his life to escape rebel-held Chang'an and join the emperor. That fear is still with him, as if his soul has never come back. The second time, he goes out through the same gate because the emperor has sent him away. On the same road he once ran toward the court full of loyalty, and now he leaves it feeling wronged. The contrast is painful. His question, "Can this be the emperor's wish?", is very gentle. He dares not blame the emperor. When he says he has no talent and is growing old, he is speaking bitterly. He stops his horse and looks back at the palace. He does not want to go, and he cannot stop caring about his country.

这首诗把两次出城放在一起看。第一次出金光门，是冒着生命危险逃出叛军占领的长安，去投奔皇帝；那份害怕到今天还在，好像魂都没招回来。第二次出同一座门，却是被皇帝贬走。同一条路，当年是满怀忠心地奔向朝廷，现在是带着委屈离开朝廷，这种对比让人心酸。“移官岂至尊”问得很委婉：他不敢怪皇帝，只说难道这是皇上的意思吗？最后他说自己没才能、又老了，其实是伤心的反话。他停下马，回头望着皇宫，舍不得走，也放不下对国家的心。