Tang poem · seven-character regulated verse唐诗 · 七言律诗

yǒng咏huái怀gǔ古jì迹wǔ五shǒu首·qí其yī一

dù杜fǔ甫Du Fu · Tang唐

Thoughts on Ancient Sites, Five Poems: No. 1

zhī支lí离dōng东běi北fēng风chén尘jì际

piāo漂bó泊xī西nán南tiān天dì地jiān间

sān三xiá峡lóu楼tái台yān淹rì日yuè月

wǔ五xī溪yī衣fú服gòng共yún云shān山

jié羯hú胡shì事zhǔ主zhōng终wú无lài赖

cí词kè客āi哀shí时qiě且wèi未huán还

yǔ庾xìn信píng平shēng生zuì最xiāo萧sè瑟

mù暮nián年shī诗fù赋dòng动jiāng江guān关

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

In the sixth line the corpus has "in a time of decline", where the common text has "grieving for the times".

语料第六句作“词客衰时”，通行本作“词客哀时”。

Line by line逐句翻译

支离东北风尘际When war rose in the northeast, I was scattered from my home,东北起了战乱，我流离失所，
漂泊西南天地间and drifted between heaven and earth in the southwest.在西南的天地间到处漂泊。
三峡楼台淹日月In towers by the Three Gorges, I linger day after day, month after month,在三峡的楼台上，一天天、一月月地滞留，
五溪衣服共云山living among the clouds and mountains with the people of the Five Streams in their own dress.和穿着五溪服饰的人们一起住在云山之间。
羯胡事主终无赖The Jie barbarian served his lord, but in the end betrayed him.羯胡侍奉君主，最终还是背叛了，
词客哀时且未还And I, a poet grieving for the times, still cannot go home.我这个诗人为时局悲伤，至今还回不了家。
庾信平生最萧瑟Yu Xin's life was the bleakest of all,庾信的一生最是凄凉，
暮年诗赋动江关yet the poems of his old age moved people across the rivers and passes.可他晚年的诗赋，感动了江关南北的人。

Words字词注释

支离zhī lí: zhī lí: scattered and homeless, wandering from place to place.支离：流离失所，四处漂泊。
东北风尘际dōng běi fēng chén jì: dōng běi fēng chén jì: in the time of war in the northeast. Fēng chén, wind and dust, means war; here the An Lushan Rebellion, which began in the northeast.东北风尘际：东北方战乱的时候。风尘，指战乱。这里指安史之乱，叛乱从东北起兵。
漂泊西南piāo bó xī nán: piāo bó xī nán: drifting in the southwest; Du Fu wandered to Sichuan and Kuizhou.漂泊西南：在西南一带流浪，指杜甫流落到四川、夔州。
三峡sān xiá: sān xiá: the Three Gorges of the Yangtze. Kuizhou lies at their mouth.三峡：长江上的瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡。夔州就在三峡口。
淹日月yān rì yuè: yān rì yuè: staying on and on as days and months pass. Yān means to linger.淹日月：长久地停留，一天天、一月月地过去。淹，滞留。
五溪wǔ xī: wǔ xī: the Five Streams region, where today's Hunan and Guizhou meet; many non-Han peoples lived there then.五溪：五条溪流一带，在今湖南、贵州交界处，当时住着许多少数民族。
共云山gòng yún shān: gòng yún shān: sharing these cloudy mountains with the local people.共云山：和当地人一起生活在这云山之间。
羯胡jié hú: jié hú: a Jie tribesman; here An Lushan. In Yu Xin's time, Hou Jing, who betrayed the Liang dynasty, was also of the Jie.羯胡：羯族人，这里指安禄山。庾信那个时代，背叛梁朝的侯景也是羯族人。
事主shì zhǔ: shì zhǔ: to serve one's ruler.事主：侍奉君主。
无赖wú lài: wú lài: untrustworthy, faithless.无赖：靠不住，背信弃义。
词客cí kè: cí kè: a writer of poems; here Yu Xin, and also Du Fu himself.词客：写诗作文的人，这里指庾信，也指杜甫自己。
哀时āi shí: āi shí: grieving for the times.哀时：为时局悲伤。
庾信yǔ xìn: yǔ xìn: a great writer of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He was sent north as an envoy just as the Liang dynasty fell, was kept there, and never got back to the south.庾信：南北朝时的大文学家。他出使北方，正赶上梁朝灭亡，被留在北方，再也没能回到南方。
萧瑟xiāo sè: xiāo sè: bleak and lonely.萧瑟：冷落凄凉。
诗赋shī fù: shī fù: poems and fu. A fu is a long rhymed piece; Yu Xin wrote a famous one lamenting the south.诗赋：诗和赋。赋是一种长篇的韵文，庾信写过有名的《哀江南赋》。
动江关dòng jiāng guān: dòng jiāng guān: moved the people of the river passes, and his fame spread far. One view takes jiāng guān as the Jiangling area; another as rivers and passes in general.动江关：感动了江关一带的人，也指名声传遍南北。江关，一说指江陵一带，一说泛指江河关塞。

How to read it读音

服fú: When reciting the poem it is read fú; in everyday speech the word for clothes says this syllable with no tone.衣服：读诗时“服”读 fú；日常口语里“衣服”的“服”读轻声。

Background创作背景

There are five poems in this set, usually dated to 766, when Du Fu was in Kuizhou, today's Fengjie in Chongqing. They visit places linked to Yu Xin, Song Yu, Wang Zhaojun, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, and use these old figures to speak about Du Fu himself. This is the first. Through the story of the poet Yu Xin, it tells of Du Fu's own pain: the An Lushan Rebellion drove him to the southwest, and he could not go home.

《咏怀古迹》一共五首，一般认为是唐代宗大历元年（766年）杜甫在夔州（今重庆奉节）时写的。五首分别写到庾信、宋玉、王昭君、刘备和诸葛亮的古迹，借古人说自己。这是第一首，借南北朝诗人庾信的遭遇，写自己因安史之乱流落西南、回不了家的苦。

The poet作者

Du Fu (712–770) was a great Tang poet, often called the Sage of Poetry. After the An Lushan Rebellion he fled from place to place with his family and lived in Sichuan for several years. In his last years he reached Kuizhou, poor and in failing health. He greatly admired Yu Xin and thought Yu Xin's late poems were his best. He also felt that, like Yu Xin, he was a wanderer far from home in a time of chaos.

杜甫（712—770），唐代大诗人，被人称为“诗圣”。安史之乱以后，他带着家人四处逃难，在四川住了好几年，晚年到了夔州，生活贫苦，身体也越来越差。他很佩服庾信，觉得庾信晚年的诗写得最好，也觉得自己和庾信一样，在乱世中漂泊异乡。

The mood意境

The first four lines are about Du Fu himself. War drove him from home, and he drifted all the way to the southwest. By the Three Gorges he stayed year after year, among people in the dress of the Five Streams, with only clouds and mountains around, farther and farther from home. Lines five and six join past and present. In Yu Xin's day Hou Jing, a Jie, rebelled; in Du Fu's day An Lushan rebelled. Yu Xin could not return south; Du Fu could not return to Chang'an. The last two lines are about Yu Xin: his life was the bleakest, yet the poems of his old age moved the whole land. This praises Yu Xin, and it is also Du Fu speaking of himself: the deeper the suffering, the finer the poems.

前四句写杜甫自己：战乱把他赶出家乡，一路漂泊到西南，在三峡边住了一年又一年，身边是穿着五溪服饰的人，满眼都是云和山，离家越来越远。第五、六句把古今连在一起：庾信那时有羯族的侯景叛乱，杜甫这时有安禄山叛乱；庾信回不了南方，杜甫也回不了长安。最后两句写庾信：一生最凄凉，可晚年的诗赋却感动了天下人。这既是夸庾信，也是杜甫在说自己：越是苦难，越能写出好诗。