Tang poem · five-character regulated verse唐诗 · 五言律诗

sòng送zǐ梓zhōu州lǐ李shǐ使jūn君

wáng王wéi维Wang Wei · Tang唐

Seeing Off Governor Li of Zizhou

wàn万hè壑shù树cān参tiān天

qiān千shān山xiǎng响dù杜juān鹃

shān山zhōng中yí一yè夜yǔ雨

shù树miǎo杪bǎi百chóng重quán泉

hàn汉nǚ女shū输tóng橦bù布

bā巴rén人sòng讼yù芋tián田

wén文wēng翁fān翻jiào教shòu授

bù不gǎn敢yǐ倚xiān先xián贤

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

Line by line逐句翻译

万壑树参天In ten thousand valleys the trees rise to the sky;千万条山谷里，大树高耸入云；
千山响杜鹃on a thousand hills the cuckoos call.千座山上，到处响着杜鹃的叫声。
山中一夜雨It rained all night in the mountains,山里下了一整夜的雨，
树杪百重泉and from the treetops hang stream after stream of falling water.树梢上好像挂着一道道泉水。
汉女输橦布The women there pay their taxes in tong cloth;那里的妇女用橦布交税，
巴人讼芋田the people of Ba go to court over taro fields.巴地的人常为芋田打官司。
文翁翻教授Like Wen Weng, you should bring teaching back to life,你要像文翁那样重新办好教化，
不敢倚先贤and not just lean on what the worthy man before you did.不要只靠前人留下的功绩。

Words字词注释

壑hè: hè: a valley.壑：山谷。
参天cān tiān: cān tiān: reaching up to the sky.参天：高到天上。
杜鹃dù juān: dù juān: the cuckoo, a bird with a loud call, common in Shu, today's Sichuan.杜鹃：一种鸟，叫声很响，蜀地（今四川）很多。
树杪shù miǎo: shù miǎo: the tops of the trees.树杪：树梢。
百重泉bǎi chóng quán: bǎi chóng quán: stream after stream of falling water. After the rain, from far away the waterfalls seem to pour from the treetops.百重泉：一道又一道的泉水瀑布。下过雨，远看好像泉水从树梢上流下来。
汉女hàn nǚ: hàn nǚ: the local Han women.汉女：当地的汉族妇女。
输shū: shū: to hand over as tax.输：交纳，交税。
橦布tóng bù: tóng bù: cloth woven from the fluff of the tong tree, a local product of Shu.橦布：用橦树的花絮织成的布，是蜀地的特产。
巴人bā rén: bā rén: people of Ba, today's eastern Sichuan and Chongqing.巴人：巴地的人。巴在今天四川东部和重庆一带。
讼芋田sòng yù tián: sòng yù tián: going to court over taro fields.讼芋田：为了种芋头的田地打官司。
文翁wén wēng: wén wēng: Wen Weng, a Western Han governor of Shu who set up schools and taught the people. He was greatly respected.文翁：西汉时的蜀郡太守，在蜀地办学校，教化百姓，很受敬重。
翻fān: fān: to start again, to revive.翻：重新，再一次发扬。
教授jiào shòu: jiào shòu: to teach and guide the people.教授：教育、教化百姓。
倚先贤yǐ xiān xián: yǐ xiān xián: to lean on the good work of those before. The worthy man before is Wen Weng.倚先贤：依靠前人的功劳。先贤，指文翁。

How to read it读音

参cān: In cān tiān it is read cān, meaning to reach up into the sky.“参天”读 cān，意思是高入天空。
重chóng: Read chóng; bǎi chóng means layer upon layer.读 chóng，“百重”就是一层又一层。
橦tóng: Read tóng, a kind of kapok tree.读 tóng，指橦树，也就是木棉一类的树。

Background创作背景

Wang Wei wrote this poem to see off his friend Li, who was going to Zizhou to take up a post as governor. Zizhou was around today's Santai in Sichuan. We cannot be sure who Governor Li was; one view says he was Li Shuming. Wang Wei had not been there himself, but he imagined the mountains, rivers and local life of Shu, and ended by urging his friend to be a good official.

这是王维送别朋友李使君去梓州上任时写的诗。使君是对州里最高长官（刺史）的尊称。梓州在今天四川三台一带。李使君是谁，名字已经说不准，一说是李叔明。诗人没有去过那里，却想象出蜀地的山水和风土人情，最后勉励朋友做个好官。

The poet作者

Wang Wei (701–761; some say 699–761) was a famous high Tang poet, and also a painter and musician. He was especially good at mountains and rivers. Su Shi said of him: "in his poems there are paintings, and in his paintings there are poems." The first four lines of this farewell poem are like a landscape painting, showing a painter's eye.

王维（701—761，一说699—761），字摩诘，盛唐著名诗人，也是画家和音乐家。他特别擅长写山水，苏轼说他“诗中有画，画中有诗”。这首送别诗的前四句就像一幅山水画，可以看出他画家的眼光。

The mood意境

The first four lines are the most famous. First come huge trees reaching the sky and cuckoos calling everywhere, a picture with sound. Then it rains all night, and the next day, seen from far away, layers of waterfalls seem to hang down from the treetops. Only someone looking from a distance and a height could see such a wonder. The next lines show local customs: women pay taxes in cloth, and people go to court over taro fields. At the end, the poet uses the story of Wen Weng and his schools to encourage his friend: govern with your own effort, do not just rely on the fame of those before you. The poem moves from scenery to people, from imagining to advice, and it is both beautiful and sincere.

前四句是全诗最有名的地方。先写满山大树高入云天，到处是杜鹃的叫声，有画面也有声音。接着写山中下了一夜的雨，第二天远远望去，一层层的泉水瀑布好像从树梢上挂下来。这是只有站在远处、站在高处才能看到的奇景。后四句写当地的风俗：妇女交橦布，百姓为芋田打官司。最后用文翁办学的故事勉励朋友：要自己用心治理，不要只靠前人的名声。全诗由景到人，由想象到嘱咐，写得既美又真诚。