No. 22 · Song lyric · ci lyric, two stanzas, 100 characters第 22 首 · 宋词 · 词·双调一百字

niàn念nú奴jiāo娇·guò过dòng洞tíng庭

zhāng张xiào孝xiáng祥Zhang Xiaoxiang · Song宋

Niannujiao: Crossing Lake Dongting

dòng洞tíng庭qīng青cǎo草

jìn近zhōng中qiū秋

gèng更wú无yì一diǎn点fēng风sè色

yù玉jiàn鉴qióng琼tián田sān三wàn万qǐng顷

zhuó著wǒ我piān扁zhōu舟yí一yè叶

sù素yuè月fēn分huī辉

míng明hé河gòng共yǐng影

biǎo表lǐ里jù俱chéng澄chè澈

yōu悠rán然xīn心huì会

miào妙chù处nán难yǔ与jūn君shuō说

yīng应niàn念lǐng岭hǎi海jīng经nián年

gū孤guāng光zì自zhào照

gān肝dǎn胆jiē皆bīng冰xuě雪

duǎn短bìn鬓xiāo萧sāo骚jīn襟xiù袖lěng冷

wěn稳fàn泛cāng沧míng溟kōng空kuò阔

jìn尽yì挹xī西jiāng江

xì细zhēn斟běi北dǒu斗

wàn万xiàng象wéi为bīn宾kè客

kòu扣xián舷dú独xiào啸

bù不zhī知jīn今xī夕hé何xī夕

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus has another version of the text. It reads gān fèi for gān dǎn, duǎn fà for duǎn bìn, cāng láng for cāng míng, jìn xī for jìn yì, and "laugh alone" for "cry out alone" (both are read dú xiào). Here we use the text found in today's textbooks and common anthologies.

语料库里的文字是另一个版本：“肝胆”作“肝肺”，“短鬓”作“短发”，“沧溟”作“沧浪”，“尽挹”作“尽吸”，“独啸”作“独笑”。这里用现在课本和常见选本的文字。

Line by line逐句翻译

洞庭青草Lake Dongting runs into Lake Qingcao.洞庭湖连着青草湖，
近中秋It is close to Mid-Autumn,快到中秋了，
更无一点风色and there is not a breath of wind on the water.湖上一点风也没有。
玉鉴琼田三万顷Thirty thousand qǐng of lake shine like a jade mirror, like fields of jade,三万顷湖面像玉镜、像玉田，
著我扁舟一叶and on it floats my one small boat, like a leaf.上面只漂着我这一叶小船。
素月分辉The white moon pours its light onto the lake,洁白的月亮把光洒向湖面，
明河共影and the Milky Way is mirrored there too.银河的影子也映在水里，
表里俱澄澈Above and below, inside and out, all is clear and bright.天上水下，里里外外，全都清澈透明。
悠然心会Quietly, my heart understands,我静静地在心里领会，
妙处难与君说but the wonder of it is hard to tell you.这份美妙却很难跟你说清。
应念岭海经年I think of my year or more in the far south,想起在岭南做官的这一年多，
孤光自照with only the lonely moon shining on me,只有孤月照着我，
肝胆皆冰雪and my heart as clean as ice and snow.我的心像冰雪一样干净。
短鬓萧骚襟袖冷Now my hair is thin, and my robe and sleeves feel the cold,如今头发稀少，衣襟袖子透着凉意，
稳泛沧溟空阔yet I drift steadily on the wide, open water.我稳稳地漂在辽阔的水面上。
尽挹西江I will scoop up the whole West River as wine,我要舀尽西江的水当酒，
细斟北斗pour it slowly with the Big Dipper as my ladle,用北斗星当勺子慢慢斟，
万象为宾客and make everything in the world my guests.请天地万物都来做我的客人。
扣舷独啸I tap the side of the boat and cry out alone,我敲着船边，独自放声长啸，
不知今夕何夕so happy I forget what night it is.快活得忘了今夜是什么日子。

Words字词注释

洞庭青草dòng tíng qīng cǎo: dòng tíng qīng cǎo: Lake Dongting and Lake Qingcao. The two lakes join together, in the north of today's Hunan.洞庭青草：洞庭湖和青草湖。两个湖连在一起，在今天的湖南北部。
风色fēng sè: fēng sè: a sign of wind. The line means there is not a breath of wind.风色：风的样子。“更无一点风色”就是一点风也没有。
玉鉴琼田yù jiàn qióng tián: yù jiàn qióng tián: jiàn is a mirror, qióng is fine jade. The lake is so smooth and bright it looks like a jade mirror, or fields paved with jade.玉鉴琼田：鉴，镜子；琼，美玉。形容湖面又平又亮，像玉做的镜子、玉铺的田地。
三万顷sān wàn qǐng: sān wàn qǐng: qǐng is a unit of area. Thirty thousand qǐng means the lake is huge.三万顷：顷是面积单位。三万顷是说湖面非常大。
扁舟一叶piān zhōu yí yè: piān zhōu yí yè: one small boat, as small as a leaf.扁舟一叶：一条小船，小得像一片树叶。
素月分辉sù yuè fēn huī: sù yuè fēn huī: the pure white moon shares its light with the lake.素月分辉：素月，洁白的月亮。月亮把光洒下来，分给湖水。
明河共影míng hé gòng yǐng: míng hé gòng yǐng: míng hé is the Milky Way. Its reflection lies in the lake too.明河共影：明河，银河。银河的影子也一起倒映在湖里。
表里俱澄澈biǎo lǐ jù chéng chè: biǎo lǐ jù chéng chè: inside and out, sky and water, everything is clear and bright.表里俱澄澈：表里，上上下下、里里外外；俱，都；澄澈，清澈透明。天上水下全都清清亮亮。
悠然心会yōu rán xīn huì: yōu rán xīn huì: quietly, in his heart, he understands.悠然心会：心里静静地领会到了。
妙处难与君说miào chù nán yǔ jūn shuō: miào chù nán yǔ jūn shuō: the wonder of it is hard to put into words for you. Jūn means you.妙处难与君说：其中的美妙，很难跟你说清楚。君，你。
应念yīng niàn: yīng niàn: thinking back on.应念：想起。
岭海lǐng hǎi: lǐng hǎi: the land south of the Five Ridges, near the South Sea. Here it means the Guangxi area where the poet had served.岭海：五岭以南、靠近南海的地方，这里指作者做官的广西一带。
经年jīng nián: jīng nián: a year or so, a long time.经年：一年左右，或者好几年。
孤光自照gū guāng zì zhào: gū guāng zì zhào: the lonely light, the moon, shining on him alone. Another reading: his own heart shining by itself.孤光自照：孤光，指月亮。只有月亮照着自己。一说指自己的心像孤灯一样明亮。
肝胆皆冰雪gān dǎn jiē bīng xuě: gān dǎn jiē bīng xuě: liver and gall stand for the heart. His heart is as pure as ice and snow.肝胆皆冰雪：肝胆，代指内心。内心像冰雪一样纯洁。
短鬓duǎn bìn: duǎn bìn: bìn is the hair at the temples. Short temple hair means thinning hair.短鬓：鬓，脸两边靠近耳朵的头发。短鬓指头发稀少。
襟袖冷jīn xiù lěng: jīn xiù lěng: the front of his robe and his sleeves feel cold.襟袖冷：衣襟和袖子都觉得凉。
稳泛wěn fàn: wěn fàn: drifting steadily in the boat.稳泛：稳稳地划着船。泛，坐船漂行。
沧溟cāng míng: cāng míng: wide, deep water.沧溟：茫茫的大水。
尽挹西江jìn yì xī jiāng: jìn yì xī jiāng: yì means to scoop. He scoops up the whole West River as wine. The West River here means the Yangtze.尽挹西江：挹，舀。把西江的水全部舀来当酒。西江指长江。
细斟北斗xì zhēn běi dǒu: xì zhēn běi dǒu: zhēn means to pour wine. He uses the Big Dipper as a ladle and pours slowly.细斟北斗：斟，倒酒。把北斗七星当作勺子，慢慢倒酒。
万象为宾客wàn xiàng wéi bīn kè: wàn xiàng wéi bīn kè: everything in heaven and earth is his guest.万象为宾客：天地间的万物都是我的客人。
扣舷独啸kòu xián dú xiào: kòu xián dú xiào: kòu is to knock, xián is the side of the boat. He taps the boat's edge and gives a long, loud whistling cry, all alone.扣舷独啸：扣，敲；舷，船边。敲着船边，一个人放声长啸。啸，撮起嘴发出长长的声音。
今夕何夕jīn xī hé xī: jīn xī hé xī: what night is tonight? He is so happy he forgets time. The phrase comes from the Book of Songs.今夕何夕：今晚是什么样的夜晚啊。形容高兴得忘了时间。这句话出自《诗经》。

How to read it读音

著zhuó: Here it is read zhuó and means to place or set down.著，这里读 zhuó，意思是放置、安放，同“着（zhuó）”。
扁piān: In piān zhōu, "a small boat", the character is read piān, not biǎn.扁舟的“扁”读 piān，指小船，不读 biǎn。
骚sāo: xiāo sāo: thin and sparse, said of hair.萧骚：读 xiāo sāo，头发稀疏的样子。
为wéi: Here it is read wéi, meaning "to be, to act as".为，这里读 wéi，意思是“作为、当作”。

Background创作背景

In 1166 Zhang Xiaoxiang was serving as an official in Guangxi. People spoke against him, and he lost his post. He took a boat north from Guilin to go home. On the way he crossed Lake Dongting, close to Mid-Autumn. That night there was no wind at all. Moonlight and the Milky Way lay on the still lake. Looking at this clear, bright world, he thought of his time in the far south and wrote this lyric.

宋孝宗乾道二年（1166年），张孝祥在广西做官，被人说坏话，丢了官。他从桂林坐船北上回家，路过洞庭湖，正好快到中秋。那天夜里湖上没有一点风，月光和银河照在平静的湖面上。他看着这片清亮的天地，想起自己在岭南的日子，写下了这首词。

The poet作者

Zhang Xiaoxiang was a Southern Song poet who came first in the top imperial exam while still in his twenties. He wanted Song to fight back against the Jin, and he was known as an honest man. He admired Su Shi, and his lyrics are broad and bold, much like Su Shi's. This bright, clean lyric is one of his best-known works.

张孝祥，南宋词人，二十多岁就考中了状元。他主张抗击金国，为人正直。他很敬佩苏轼，词写得开阔豪放，和苏轼很像。这首词写得干净明亮，正是他的代表作。

The mood意境

The first stanza paints the scene. On a night near Mid-Autumn, Lake Dongting has no wind at all. The water is as flat as a huge jade mirror. The moon and the Milky Way are reflected in it, so sky and water are both clear as glass, with one tiny boat in the middle. The poet says this beauty is hard to put into words; he can only feel it. The second stanza turns to the man. He remembers serving alone in the far south, his heart clean as ice and snow. His hair is thin and his robe is cold, yet he drifts calmly on the great lake. Then he imagines scooping up the West River as wine, using the Big Dipper as a ladle, and inviting the whole world as his guests. The picture is enormous. At the end he taps the boat and cries out alone, so happy he forgets time. The scene is clear, and so is his heart, and the two become one.

上阕写景。快到中秋的夜晚，洞庭湖一点风也没有，湖面平得像一面巨大的玉镜。月亮和银河倒映在水里，天上水下一片透明，中间只有一条小小的船。作者说这种美“难与君说”，只能心里明白。下阕写人。他想起在岭南一个人做官，心像冰雪一样干净。虽然头发稀了，衣服凉了，他却稳稳地漂在大湖上。接着他想象舀干西江当酒，拿北斗当勺子，请万物来做客，气魄非常大。最后他敲着船边独自长啸，快乐得忘了时间。景是透明的，人的心也是透明的，两者合成了一片。