Tang poem · seven-character old-style song唐诗 · 七言古诗（歌行）

lì丽rén人xíng行

dù杜fǔ甫Du Fu · Tang唐

Song of the Fair Ladies

sān三yuè月sān三rì日tiān天qì气xīn新

cháng长ān安shuǐ水biān边duō多lì丽rén人

tài态nóng浓yì意yuǎn远shū淑qiě且zhēn真

jī肌lǐ理xì细nì腻gǔ骨ròu肉yún匀

xiù绣luó罗yī衣cháng裳zhào照mù暮chūn春

cù蹙jīn金kǒng孔què雀yín银qí麒lín麟

tóu头shàng上hé何suǒ所yǒu有

cuì翠wēi微è㔩yè叶chuí垂bìn鬓chún唇

bèi背hòu后hé何suǒ所jiàn见

zhū珠yā压yāo腰jié衱wěn稳chèn称shēn身

jiù就zhōng中yún云mù幕jiāo椒fáng房qīn亲

cì赐míng名dà大guó国guó虢yǔ与qín秦

zǐ紫tuó驼zhī之fēng峰chū出cuì翠fǔ釜

shuǐ水jīng精zhī之pán盘xíng行sù素lín鳞

xī犀zhù箸yàn厌yù饫jiǔ久wèi未xià下

luán鸾dāo刀lǚ缕qiē切kōng空fēn纷lún纶

huáng黄mén门fēi飞kòng鞚bú不dòng动chén尘

yù御chú厨luò络yì绎sòng送bā八zhēn珍

xiāo箫gǔ鼓āi哀yín吟gǎn感guǐ鬼shén神

bīn宾cóng从zá杂tà遝shí实yào要jīn津

hòu后lái来ān鞍mǎ马hé何qūn逡xún巡

dāng当xuān轩xià下mǎ马rù入jǐn锦yīn茵

yáng杨huā花xuě雪luò落fù覆bái白píng苹

qīng青niǎo鸟fēi飞qù去xián衔hóng红jīn巾

zhì炙shǒu手kě可rè热shì势jué绝lún伦

shèn慎mò莫jìn近qián前chéng丞xiàng相chēn嗔

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus writes luán dāo (carving knife) with a different character for luán; the common text's form is used here.

语料本“鸾刀”作“銮刀”，这里按通行本作“鸾刀”。

Line by line逐句翻译

三月三日天气新On the third day of the third month, the air is fresh;三月初三，天气清新，
长安水边多丽人by the waters of Chang'an there are many fair ladies.长安城的水边，来了很多美人。
态浓意远淑且真Showy and proud, they look gentle and proper;她们姿态艳丽，神情高傲，看上去贤淑端庄，
肌理细腻骨肉匀their skin is smooth, their figures just right.皮肤细嫩，身材匀称。
绣罗衣裳照暮春Their embroidered silks shine in the late spring,绣花的丝绸衣裙，在晚春里闪闪发光，
蹙金孔雀银麒麟with peacocks in gold thread and qilin in silver.上面用金线绣着孔雀，用银线绣着麒麟。
头上何所有What do they wear on their heads?她们头上戴着什么？
翠微㔩叶垂鬓唇Green jade leaf ornaments hanging down by their temples.翠玉做的花叶首饰，一直垂到鬓边。
背后何所见What do you see from behind?从背后看又是什么样子？
珠压腰衱稳称身Pearl-weighted sashes at the waist, fitting perfectly.缀着珍珠的裙带压在腰间，十分合身。
就中云幕椒房亲Among them, behind cloud-painted curtains, are the Consort's kin,其中云纹帐幕里的，是贵妃的亲戚，
赐名大国虢与秦given titles of great states by the emperor: the Ladies of Guo and Qin.皇帝赐给她们大国的封号：虢国夫人和秦国夫人。
紫驼之峰出翠釜From green pots come purple camel humps;翠绿的锅里端出紫色的驼峰，
水精之盘行素鳞on crystal plates, white fish are served.水晶盘子里盛着白色的鱼。
犀箸厌饫久未下Tired of rich food, they hold their rhino-horn chopsticks and do not eat;她们吃腻了，拿着犀角筷子很久都不下筷，
鸾刀缕切空纷纶the cooks slice with bell-hung knives, busy for nothing.厨师用鸾刀切成细丝，白白地忙个不停。
黄门飞鞚不动尘Eunuchs gallop in so smoothly that no dust rises,太监骑马飞奔，连尘土都不扬起，
御厨络绎送八珍bringing one rare dish after another from the palace kitchen.从御厨里一趟趟送来各种山珍海味。
箫鼓哀吟感鬼神Flutes and drums play so movingly that even spirits are stirred;箫鼓声婉转动听，连鬼神都被感动，
宾从杂遝实要津guests and attendants crowd around, all holding powerful posts.宾客随从挤满一地，都是占着要职的人。
后来鞍马何逡巡The last rider comes slowly, so grand and sure,后来骑马的人慢悠悠的，多么神气，
当轩下马入锦茵gets off at the entrance and steps onto the brocade carpet.到了帐门前下马，走上锦缎地毯。
杨花雪落覆白苹Willow fluff falls like snow and covers the white water plants;柳絮像雪一样落下，盖住了白苹，
青鸟飞去衔红巾a blue bird flies off with a red kerchief in its beak.青鸟飞走，嘴里衔着一条红手巾。
炙手可热势绝伦His power is so hot it burns, beyond compare;他权势大得烫手，没有人能比，
慎莫近前丞相嗔take care not to go near, or the chancellor will be angry!千万别走近，丞相会发火的！

Words字词注释

三月三日sān yuè sān rì: sān yuè sān rì: the third day of the third month, the Shangsi Festival, when people went to the waterside to play and wash away bad luck.三月三日：上巳节，古代春天的节日，人们到水边游玩，洗去不祥。
水边shuǐ biān: Cháng'ān shuǐ biān: the waterside of Chang'an, meaning Qujiang Pool in the southeast of the city, a favorite spring spot.长安水边：指长安城东南的曲江池，是游春的好地方。
丽人lì rén: lì rén: beautiful women.丽人：美丽的女子。
态浓意远tài nóng yì yuǎn: tài nóng yì yuǎn: showy in looks, proud and distant in manner.态浓意远：姿态艳丽，神情高傲，不容易亲近。
淑且真shū qiě zhēn: shū qiě zhēn: looking gentle and proper.淑且真：看上去又贤淑又端庄。
肌理细腻jī lǐ xì nì: jī lǐ xì nì: smooth, fine skin.肌理细腻：皮肤细嫩光滑。
骨肉匀gǔ ròu yún: gǔ ròu yún: well-proportioned, neither fat nor thin.骨肉匀：身材匀称，不胖不瘦。
绣罗xiù luó: xiù luó: embroidered silk.绣罗：绣了花的丝绸。
照暮春zhào mù chūn: zhào mù chūn: shining in the late spring light.照暮春：在晚春的阳光下闪闪发亮。
蹙金cù jīn: cù jīn: patterns sewn tightly with gold thread.蹙金：用金线绣出花纹，金线绣得密密的。
麒麟qí lín: qí lín: the qilin, a lucky beast of legend.麒麟：传说中的吉祥神兽。
翠微㔩叶cuì wēi è yè: cuì wēi è yè: thin leaf-shaped hair ornaments of green jade. È yè was a kind of woman's head ornament.翠微㔩叶：用翠玉做成的薄薄的花叶形首饰。㔩叶，古代妇女的一种头饰。
鬓唇bìn chún: bìn chún: the edge of the hair at the temples.鬓唇：鬓角边上。
腰衱yāo jié: yāo jié: the skirt sash, or the back of the waist.腰衱：裙带，或腰后的衣襟。
稳称身wěn chèn shēn: wěn chèn shēn: sitting smooth and fitting perfectly.稳称身：服服帖帖，非常合身。
就中jiù zhōng: jiù zhōng: among them.就中：其中。
云幕yún mù: yún mù: rich curtains painted with clouds.云幕：画着云彩的华丽帐幕。
椒房亲jiāo fáng qīn: jiāo fáng qīn: relatives of the empress or consort. The Pepper Room was the empress's hall in Han times, its walls plastered with pepper and clay; here it means Consort Yang.椒房亲：皇后、贵妃的亲戚。椒房，汉代皇后住的宫殿，墙上涂了花椒和泥，这里指杨贵妃。
虢与秦guó yǔ qín: Guó yǔ Qín: the Lady of Guo and the Lady of Qin, both elder sisters of Consort Yang.虢与秦：虢国夫人和秦国夫人，都是杨贵妃的姐姐。
紫驼之峰zǐ tuó zhī fēng: zǐ tuó zhī fēng: the hump of a purple camel, a rare dish.紫驼之峰：紫色骆驼的驼峰，是很珍贵的菜。
翠釜cuì fǔ: cuì fǔ: a fine green pot.翠釜：翠绿色的精美锅子。
水精shuǐ jīng: shuǐ jīng: crystal.水精：水晶。
行素鳞xíng sù lín: xíng sù lín: serving white fish. Sù lín means white-scaled fish.行素鳞：端上来白色的鱼。素鳞，白鳞的鱼。
犀箸xī zhù: xī zhù: chopsticks made of rhinoceros horn.犀箸：用犀牛角做的筷子。
厌饫yàn yù: yàn yù: stuffed and tired of rich food.厌饫：吃腻了，吃得太饱。
鸾刀luán dāo: luán dāo: a carving knife with little bells on its ring.鸾刀：刀环上挂着小铃的刀，用来切肉。
缕切lǚ qiē: lǚ qiē: cut into fine shreds.缕切：切成细丝。
空纷纶kōng fēn lún: kōng fēn lún: busy for nothing.空纷纶：白白地忙个不停。
黄门huáng mén: huáng mén: palace eunuchs.黄门：宫中的太监。
飞鞚fēi kòng: fēi kòng: galloping on horseback. Kòng is a horse's bridle.飞鞚：骑马飞奔。鞚，马笼头。
不动尘bú dòng chén: bù dòng chén: riding so fast and smooth that no dust rises.不动尘：骑得又快又稳，连尘土都不扬起。
络绎luò yì: luò yì: one after another without end.络绎：一个接一个，不断。
八珍bā zhēn: bā zhēn: all kinds of rare delicacies.八珍：各种珍贵的美食。
哀吟āi yín: āi yín: music so moving it seems to sigh.哀吟：音乐声婉转动人。
杂遝zá tà: zá tà: crowded and bustling.杂遝：人多，乱哄哄的。
实要津shí yào jīn: shí yào jīn: filling all the key posts. Yào jīn means an important ferry crossing, a picture for powerful offices.实要津：占满了重要的位置。要津，重要的渡口，比喻重要的官职。
逡巡qūn xún: qūn xún: slow and unhurried; here, grand and self-assured.逡巡：慢悠悠的样子，这里形容很神气、不慌不忙。
当轩dāng xuān: dāng xuān: right at the carriage door or tent entrance.当轩：对着车门或帐门。
锦茵jǐn yīn: jǐn yīn: a brocade carpet.锦茵：锦缎做的地毯。
杨花yáng huā: yáng huā: willow fluff.杨花：柳絮。
白苹bái píng: bái píng: a floating water plant with white flowers.白苹：水面上开白花的浮草。
青鸟qīng niǎo: qīng niǎo: the blue bird that carried messages for the Queen Mother of the West in myth; later, a go-between for lovers.青鸟：神话里替西王母传信的鸟，后来指给情人传信的使者。
炙手可热zhì shǒu kě rè: zhì shǒu kě rè: so hot it burns your hand, meaning power so great that people fear it.炙手可热：手一靠近就觉得烫，比喻权势极大。
绝伦jué lún: jué lún: beyond compare.绝伦：没有谁能比。
慎莫近前shèn mò jìn qián: shèn mò jìn qián: be careful not to go near.慎莫近前：千万别走近。
丞相嗔chéng xiàng chēn: chéng xiàng chēn: the chancellor will get angry. The chancellor is Yang Guozhong, Consort Yang's cousin. Chēn means to be angry.丞相嗔：丞相会发火。丞相指杨国忠，杨贵妃的堂兄。嗔，生气。

How to read it读音

裳cháng: In old poems yī cháng means upper garment and skirt and is read cháng. In everyday speech it is yī shang.“衣裳”在古诗里读 yī cháng，指上衣和下裙。口语里读 yī shang。
称chèn: Chèn shēn means the clothes fit well, so it is read chèn.“称身”是衣服合身，读 chèn。
厌yàn: Yàn yù means stuffed and tired of food, read yàn yù.“厌饫”是吃得太饱、吃腻了，读 yàn yù。
切qiē: Lǚ qiē means cutting into fine shreds, so it is read qiē.“缕切”是切成细丝，读 qiē。
从cóng: Bīn cóng means guests and attendants. Today it is usually read cóng; in older usage this meaning was read zòng.“宾从”指宾客和随从。今天一般读 cóng，旧时“随从”的“从”读 zòng。
遝tà: Zá tà is read this way and means a busy, mixed crowd.“杂遝”读 zá tà，形容人多杂乱。
相xiàng: Chéng xiàng, the chancellor, is read xiàng.“丞相”读 chéng xiàng。

Background创作背景

This poem is usually dated to the spring of 753, under Emperor Xuanzong. At that time Consort Yang was the emperor's favorite. Her cousin Yang Guozhong had become chancellor, and her sisters were made the Ladies of Han, Guo and Qin. The family had great power and lived in luxury. On the Shangsi Festival, the third day of the third month, the people of Chang'an went to Qujiang Pool for a spring outing. The Yang family came too, with a huge show of wealth. Du Fu saw it and wrote this poem.

这首诗一般认为写于唐玄宗天宝十二载（753年）春天。那时杨贵妃最受宠，她的堂兄杨国忠当上了宰相，她的姐姐们被封为韩国、虢国、秦国夫人，一家人权势很大，生活奢侈。三月三日上巳节，长安人都到曲江边游春，杨家兄妹也来了，排场非常大。杜甫看到这些，写下了这首诗。

The poet作者

Du Fu (712–770) was a great Tang poet, called the Sage of Poetry. When he wrote this poem, he had lived in Chang'an for several years without an official post, and he was poor. He saw both the luxury of the powerful and the poverty of ordinary people. A few years later the An Lushan Rebellion broke out, and the Yang family fell with it.

杜甫（712—770），唐代大诗人，被称为“诗圣”。写这首诗时，他在长安住了好几年，还没有得到官职，生活清苦。他看到了权贵的奢侈，也看到了百姓的贫穷。几年后，安史之乱爆发，杨家也随之倒台。

The mood意境

This poem is like a mocking documentary. Du Fu never says one word of blame. He just sets out what he sees, one thing at a time: the ladies' skin, the gold peacocks on their clothes, the jade in their hair, the pearls at their waists; camel hump in the pots, fish on the plates, food so rich they will not lift their chopsticks; eunuchs riding in with dish after dish, loud music, a crowd of attendants. At last the real big man, Yang Guozhong, arrives slowly, and no one dares go near. The lines about willow fluff and the blue bird have long been read as a quiet jab at an improper closeness between Yang Guozhong and the Lady of Guo. The more splendid the picture, the more something feels wrong. The last line, "take care not to go near, or the chancellor will be angry", is like a whispered warning, cold and a little frightening.

这首诗像一部讽刺的“纪录片”。杜甫一句批评的话都没说，只是把看到的东西一样一样摆出来：美人的皮肤、衣服上的金孔雀、头上的翠玉、腰间的珍珠；锅里的驼峰、盘里的鱼，吃腻了都不想动筷子；太监骑马不停地送菜，乐声震天，随从挤满一地。最后，真正的大人物杨国忠慢悠悠地来了，大家都不敢靠近。“杨花”“青鸟”两句，历来多认为是在暗讽杨国忠和虢国夫人关系不正当。写得越华丽，越让人觉得不对劲。最后一句“慎莫近前丞相嗔”，像在小声提醒，冷冷的，又让人害怕。