Tang poem · seven-character old-style poem唐诗 · 七言古诗

jì寄hán韩jiàn谏yì议

dù杜fǔ甫Du Fu · Tang唐

To Remonstrator Han

jīn今wǒ我bú不lè乐sī思yuè岳yáng阳

shēn身yù欲fèn奋fēi飞bìng病zài在chuáng床

měi美rén人juān娟juān娟gé隔qiū秋shuǐ水

zhuó濯zú足dòng洞tíng庭wàng望bā八huāng荒

hóng鸿fēi飞míng冥míng冥rì日yuè月bái白

qīng青fēng枫yè叶chì赤tiān天yù雨shuāng霜

yù玉jīng京qún群dì帝jí集běi北dǒu斗

huò或qí骑qí麒lín麟yì翳fèng凤huáng凰

fú芙róng蓉jīng旌qí旗yān烟wù雾luò落

yǐng影dòng动dào倒yǐng景yáo摇xiāo潇xiāng湘

xīng星gōng宫zhī之jūn君zuì醉qióng琼jiāng浆

yǔ羽rén人xī稀shǎo少bú不zài在páng旁

sì似wén闻zuó昨zhě者chì赤sōng松zǐ子

kǒng恐shì是hàn汉dài代hán韩zhāng张liáng良

xī昔suí随liú刘shì氏dìng定cháng长ān安

wéi帷wò幄wèi未gǎi改shén神cǎn惨shāng伤

guó国jiā家chéng成bài败wú吾qǐ岂gǎn敢

sè色nán难xīng腥fǔ腐cān餐fēng枫xiāng香

zhōu周nán南liú留zhì滞gǔ古suǒ所xī惜

nán南jí极lǎo老rén人yīng应shòu寿chāng昌

měi美rén人hú胡wèi为gé隔qiū秋shuǐ水

yān焉dé得zhì置zhī之gòng贡yù玉táng堂

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

We follow common editions such as Three Hundred Tang Poems. The corpus differs in a few places: it writes qí lín and fèng huáng with older forms of the same words; it has yān wù lè (mist and music) for yān wù luò (mist falling); and in cān fēng xiāng it has the character for wind where common editions have the character for maple, both read fēng. Some editions also give the title as "To Remonstrator Han Zhu".

这里按《唐诗三百首》等通行本。语料有几处不同：“麒麟”作“骐𬴊”，“凤凰”作“凤皇”（意思一样）；“烟雾落”作“烟雾乐”；“餐枫香”作“餐风香”。另外，有的本子题目作《寄韩谏议注》。

Line by line逐句翻译

今我不乐思岳阳I am unhappy now, and I think of you in Yueyang.如今我心里不快乐，想念着岳阳的你，
身欲奋飞病在床I long to fly to you, but I lie sick in bed.真想展翅飞过去，可我却病倒在床上。
美人娟娟隔秋水You, fine and noble, are across the autumn waters,品德美好的你，隔着一片秋水，
濯足洞庭望八荒washing your feet in Dongting Lake and gazing out to the ends of the earth.在洞庭湖边洗脚，眺望着四面八方。
鸿飞冥冥日月白The wild goose flies into the far sky; sun and moon shine bright.大雁飞进高远的天空，日月明亮，
青枫叶赤天雨霜Green maple leaves turn red, and frost falls from the sky.青枫叶子红了，天上降下寒霜。
玉京群帝集北斗In the Jade City, the many gods gather by the Dipper;天上的众神聚集在北斗星旁，
或骑麒麟翳凤凰some ride qilin, some are shaded by phoenixes.有的骑着麒麟，有的驾着凤凰。
芙蓉旌旗烟雾落Their lotus banners drift down through the mist,绣着荷花的旗子在烟雾里飘落，
影动倒景摇潇湘and their reflections sway upside down in the Xiao and Xiang rivers.旗影晃动，倒映在潇湘水中摇荡。
星宫之君醉琼浆The lord of the star palace is drunk on the wine of immortals,星宫的君主喝醉了神仙的美酒，
羽人稀少不在旁but the winged immortals are few, and none are at his side.可清高的仙人很少，并不在他身旁。
似闻昨者赤松子I seem to have heard of one who long ago went off to follow Chisongzi —好像听说那位从前要跟赤松子学仙的人，
恐是汉代韩张良perhaps it was Zhang Liang of Han.恐怕就是汉代出身韩国的张良吧。
昔随刘氏定长安Once he followed Liu Bang and settled the land, with Chang'an as the capital;他从前跟随刘邦平定天下，在长安建都，
帷幄未改神惨伤the plans he made in the commander's tent still stand, yet his heart is full of grief.在帐中出谋划策的功劳还在，心里却很悲伤。
国家成败吾岂敢You say: who am I to meddle in the fate of the state?你说：国家的成败，我哪里敢过问；
色难腥腐餐枫香You turn away from rank and rotten food, and would rather eat fragrant maple resin.你不屑吃那些腥臭腐烂的东西，宁愿吃枫香修道。
周南留滞古所惜Being left behind like Sima Tan, unable to serve, has been mourned since ancient times;像司马谈那样被留在外地不能被用，自古以来都让人惋惜；
南极老人应寿昌may the star of long life bless you with long years.愿南极寿星保佑你长寿安康。
美人胡为隔秋水You, so fine and noble, why must you stay across the autumn waters?品德美好的你，为什么要隔着秋水远远住着？
焉得置之贡玉堂How can I bring you to serve at court?怎样才能把你推荐到朝廷里去呢？

Words字词注释

岳阳yuè yáng: Yueyang: today's Yueyang in Hunan, by Dongting Lake. Remonstrator Han was living there.岳阳：今湖南岳阳，在洞庭湖边。韩谏议当时住在那里。
奋飞fèn fēi: fèn fēi: to beat one's wings and fly. Here, to fly off at once to see him.奋飞：振翅高飞。这里是说想立刻飞过去看他。
美人měi rén: měi rén: a person of fine character; here, Han, not a beautiful woman.美人：品德美好的人，这里指韩谏议，不是指美女。
娟娟juān juān: juān juān: fine and graceful.娟娟：美好的样子。
隔秋水gé qiū shuǐ: gé qiū shuǐ: kept apart by the autumn waters.隔秋水：隔着秋天的江水湖水，见不到面。
濯足zhuó zú: zhuó zú: washing one's feet. In old writing it hints at living away from the world, refusing office.濯足：洗脚。古人用“濯足”表示隐居、不愿做官。
洞庭dòng tíng: Dongting: Dongting Lake.洞庭：洞庭湖。
八荒bā huāng: bā huāng: the farthest places in all eight directions.八荒：四面八方极远的地方。
鸿飞冥冥hóng fēi míng míng: hóng fēi míng míng: the wild goose flies into the far sky out of sight. It stands for a hermit far from the world, beyond anyone's reach.鸿飞冥冥：大雁飞进高远的天空，看不见了。比喻隐居的人远离尘世，谁也抓不住。
青枫叶赤qīng fēng yè chì: qīng fēng yè chì: green maple leaves turn red; it is late autumn.青枫叶赤：青青的枫叶变红了，说明到了深秋。
玉京yù jīng: yù jīng: in myth, the city where the Lord of Heaven lives. Here it stands for the capital and the court.玉京：神话里天帝住的地方。这里比喻京城、朝廷。
群帝qún dì: qún dì: the many gods. It is usually read as standing for the powerful officials at court.群帝：众多天神。一般理解为比喻朝中的权贵大官。
北斗běi dǒu: běi dǒu: the Big Dipper. Here it stands for the place around the emperor.北斗：北斗七星。这里比喻皇帝身边。
麒麟qí lín: qí lín: the qilin, a magical beast of legend.麒麟：传说中的神兽。
翳凤凰yì fèng huáng: yì fèng huáng: using phoenixes as a canopy, or riding them. Yì means to shade or cover.翳凤凰：用凤凰做车盖，或驾着凤凰。翳，遮蔽。
芙蓉旌旗fú róng jīng qí: fú róng jīng qí: banners embroidered with lotus flowers. Fú róng means lotus.芙蓉旌旗：绣着荷花的旗子。芙蓉，荷花。
潇湘xiāo xiāng: Xiao and Xiang: two rivers in Hunan that flow into Dongting Lake.潇湘：潇水和湘水，在湖南，最后流进洞庭湖。
星宫之君xīng gōng zhī jūn: xīng gōng zhī jūn: the lord of the star palace; usually read as standing for the emperor or those in power.星宫之君：星宫里的君主，一般理解为比喻皇帝或掌权的人。
琼浆qióng jiāng: qióng jiāng: the fine wine of immortals.琼浆：神仙喝的美酒。
羽人yǔ rén: yǔ rén: winged immortals. Here they stand for pure, high-minded people like Han.羽人：身上长羽毛、会飞的仙人。这里比喻韩谏议这样清高的人。
昨者zuó zhě: zuó zhě: in the past.昨者：从前。
赤松子chì sōng zǐ: Chisongzi: an immortal of legend. After his great deeds, Zhang Liang said he wished to follow Chisongzi and seek immortality.赤松子：传说中的仙人。张良功成之后，说要跟赤松子去学仙。
韩张良hán zhāng liáng: Han Zhang Liang: Zhang Liang helped found the Han dynasty; his family had served the old state of Han, hence the name. Here he stands for Remonstrator Han, and both happen to be linked to the word Han.韩张良：张良，汉朝开国功臣，祖上是战国时韩国的大臣，所以说“韩张良”。这里拿张良比韩谏议，两人又刚好都和“韩”有关。
刘氏liú shì: Liú shì: the Liu family, meaning Liu Bang, the founding emperor of Han; here it hints at the Tang emperor.刘氏：指汉高祖刘邦。这里暗指唐朝皇帝。
定长安dìng cháng ān: dìng Cháng'ān: to settle the land and make Chang'an the capital. Here it hints at the Tang retaking Chang'an.定长安：平定天下，在长安建都。这里暗指唐朝收复长安。
帷幄wéi wò: wéi wò: the tent of a commander, where plans are made.帷幄：军中的帐篷，指在帐中出主意、定计划。
神惨伤shén cǎn shāng: shén cǎn shāng: deeply grieved at heart.神惨伤：心里很悲伤。
吾岂敢wú qǐ gǎn: wú qǐ gǎn: how would I dare (to meddle).吾岂敢：我怎么敢（过问）呢。
色难腥腐sè nán xīng fǔ: sè nán xīng fǔ: making a face at rank, rotten food and refusing it. It means refusing to mix with bad people.色难腥腐：面对腥臭腐烂的食物，露出为难的脸色，不愿吃。比喻不愿和坏人同流合污。
餐枫香cān fēng xiāng: cān fēng xiāng: eating fragrant maple resin, which people long ago thought was food for those seeking immortality.餐枫香：吃枫树的香脂。古人认为这是修道求仙的人吃的东西。
周南留滞zhōu nán liú zhì: zhōu nán liú zhì: in Han times Sima Tan, father of the historian Sima Qian, was kept behind at Zhounan near Luoyang and could not join the emperor's great rite at Mount Tai; he died of grief. Here it stands for Han being left unused far from court.周南留滞：汉代司马谈（司马迁的父亲）被留在周南（今河南洛阳一带），不能跟皇帝去泰山参加大典，伤心而死。这里比喻韩谏议被闲置在外。
南极老人nán jí lǎo rén: nán jí lǎo rén: the Old Man of the South Pole star, the star of long life.南极老人：南极老人星，就是寿星，象征长寿。
寿昌shòu chāng: shòu chāng: long life and good fortune.寿昌：长寿而兴旺。
胡为hú wèi: hú wèi: why.胡为：为什么。
焉得yān dé: yān dé: how could one.焉得：怎么能够。
贡玉堂gòng yù táng: gòng yù táng: to recommend him to the court. Yù táng, the jade hall, means the court.贡玉堂：推荐到朝廷里去。玉堂，指朝廷。

How to read it读音

雨yù: yù: here the character for rain is a verb, "to fall", and is read yù. Tiān yù shuāng means frost falls from the sky.雨：这里是动词“下”，读 yù。“天雨霜”就是天上降霜。
景yǐng: dào yǐng: here the character usually read jǐng (scene) stands for yǐng (shadow), so it is read yǐng: an upside-down reflection.倒景：景同“影”，读 yǐng。倒景指倒映的影子。
应yīng: yīng: should, ought to. Here it is read yīng.应：应当、应该会，读 yīng。
为wèi: hú wèi: why. Here it is read wèi.胡为：为什么，为读 wèi。

Background创作背景

Remonstrator Han was a friend of Du Fu who had served as an imperial remonstrator, an official whose job was to give the emperor honest advice. One account says his name was Han Zhu, but little is known about his life. From the poem, he had once worked hard for the court, then left office to live as a hermit in Yueyang and study the ways of the immortals. Du Fu, wandering and sick in his later years, sent him this poem. He misses his friend, and he grieves that such a gifted man is left unused. Accounts differ on the year it was written.

韩谏议是杜甫的一位朋友，做过谏议大夫，就是专门给皇帝提意见的官。一说他名叫韩注，但他的生平已经不太清楚了。从诗里看，他曾经为朝廷出过力，后来离开官场，隐居在岳阳，学道求仙。杜甫晚年漂泊在外，又生着病，写了这首诗寄给他，一边想念他，一边为他这样有才的人被闲置感到惋惜。这首诗具体写在哪一年，说法不一。

The poet作者

Du Fu (712–770) was a great Tang poet, often called the Sage of Poetry. He lived through the An Lushan Rebellion and saw his country fall from strength into chaos. He always hoped the court would make good use of able people, yet he himself never got the chance to serve well. In his later years he drifted around Sichuan and Hunan, poor and often ill, but he still cared about his country and valued his friendships deeply.

杜甫（712—770），唐代大诗人，被人称为“诗圣”。他经历过安史之乱，亲眼看到国家从强盛走向混乱。他一直希望朝廷能用好人才，自己却一生不得志。晚年他在四川、湖南一带漂泊，生活困苦，又常常生病，但仍然关心国家，也很看重朋友之间的情谊。

The mood意境

This poem is unusual: reading it feels like stepping into a world of myth. It begins simply: I miss you, I want to fly to you, but I am sick. Then comes a late-autumn scene: Dongting Lake, red maple leaves, white frost, a wild goose flying far off, and a distant figure who is Han. The middle part shows gods riding qilin and phoenixes, drinking fine wine in a lively crowd. It is usually read as a picture of the powerful officials at court: they enjoy glory, while the truly pure and gifted are not at the emperor's side. Another reading says this part shows the fairyland Han imagines as he studies the ways of the immortals. Then the poet compares Han to Zhang Liang: great deeds, yet he chose to walk away. At the end the poet wishes him long life and asks, almost anxiously: how can I bring you back to court? The whole poem is like a letter that takes many turns, carrying deep respect for a friend and worry for the country.

这首诗很特别，读起来像走进了神话世界。开头很直接：我想念你，想飞过去，可我病了。然后是一片深秋的风景：洞庭湖、红枫叶、白霜、远飞的大雁，那个远远站着的人就是韩谏议。中间一段写天上的神仙骑着麒麟、驾着凤凰，喝着美酒，热热闹闹。一般理解为这是在比喻朝廷里的权贵：他们享受荣华，真正清高有才的人却不在皇帝身边。一说这一段是写韩谏议修道时想象的仙境。接着诗人拿张良来比韩谏议：功劳很大，却选择离开。最后几句，诗人祝他长寿，又着急地问：怎么才能把你请回朝廷？全诗像一封绕了很多弯的信，里面藏着对朋友的敬重，也藏着对国家的担心。