Tang poem · five-character regulated verse唐诗 · 五言律诗

hè和jìn晋líng陵lù陆chéng丞zǎo早chūn春yóu游wàng望

dù杜shěn审yán言Du Shenyan · Tang唐

Replying to Assistant Magistrate Lu of Jinling: Gazing Out on an Early Spring Outing

dú独yǒu有huàn宦yóu游rén人

piān偏jīng惊wù物hòu候xīn新

yún云xiá霞chū出hǎi海shǔ曙

méi梅liǔ柳dù渡jiāng江chūn春

shū淑qì气cuī催huáng黄niǎo鸟

qíng晴guāng光zhuǎn转lǜ绿pín蘋

hū忽wén闻gē歌gǔ古diào调

guī归sī思yù欲zhān沾jīn巾

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus writes the sixth line with the apple character for píng. That is a slip from machine conversion of the traditional character for pín, water clover, which is restored here. The rest matches the common text.

语料本第六句作“晴光转绿苹”，“苹”是繁体“蘋”机器转换的错字，这里改回“蘋”。其他文字和通行本相同。

Line by line逐句翻译

独有宦游人Only a man who has left home to serve as an official只有离开家乡、在外做官的人，
偏惊物候新is so startled by the new signs of the season.才会对季节景物的变化格外吃惊。
云霞出海曙At dawn, rosy clouds rise out of the sea as day breaks.清晨，云霞从海上升起，天亮了。
梅柳渡江春Plums bloom and willows turn green; spring crosses the river.梅花开了，柳树绿了，春天渡过了长江。
淑气催黄鸟The warm spring air urges the orioles to sing.温暖的春气催着黄莺歌唱，
晴光转绿蘋The bright sunshine turns the water clover a deeper green.晴朗的阳光让水里的蘋草更绿了。
忽闻歌古调Suddenly I hear you chant your old-style poem,忽然听到你吟唱古朴的诗篇，
归思欲沾巾and longing for home rises until my tears nearly wet my handkerchief.想家的心思涌上来，眼泪快要打湿手巾。

Words字词注释

独有dú yǒu: dú yǒu: only.独有：只有。
宦游人huàn yóu rén: huàn yóu rén: someone who has left home to work as an official far away. Here the poet means himself.宦游人：离开家乡、到外地做官的人。这里是诗人说自己。
偏piān: piān: especially, more than others.偏：特别，格外。
惊jīng: jīng: to be startled, to feel a jolt inside.惊：吃惊，心里一动。
物候wù hòu: wù hòu: the signs of the season in nature, such as flowers opening, grass turning green and birds singing.物候：随着季节变化的景物，比如花开、草绿、鸟叫。
曙shǔ: shǔ: daybreak, when the sky first gets light.曙：天刚亮的时候。
梅柳méi liǔ: méi liǔ: plum blossoms and willow trees.梅柳：梅花和柳树。
渡江春dù jiāng chūn: dù jiāng chūn: spring crosses the river. The plums bloom and the willows turn green south of the Yangtze first, as if spring were crossing the river northward.渡江春：春天渡过了长江。江南的梅花开了、柳树绿了，春意好像从江南渡江来到了江北。
淑气shū qì: shū qì: the mild, warm air of spring. Shū means good and gentle.淑气：温和的春天气息。淑，美好。
催cuī: cuī: to urge, to hurry along.催：催促。
黄鸟huáng niǎo: huáng niǎo: the oriole, a yellow bird with a lovely song.黄鸟：黄莺，一种叫声好听的鸟。
转zhuǎn: zhuǎn: to turn, to change. The sunlight makes the water plants turn a deeper green.转：使……改变。阳光让蘋草的颜色变得更绿。
绿蘋lǜ pín: lǜ pín: green water clover, a small plant floating in shallow water.绿蘋：绿色的蘋草，一种浮在浅水上的小草。
歌gē: gē: to sing. Here it means to chant a poem.歌：唱。这里指吟诵。
古调gǔ diào: gǔ diào: an old-style tune. It means the poem Assistant Magistrate Lu wrote, praising it as noble and elegant.古调：古朴的曲调，指陆丞写的那首诗，夸它格调高雅。
归思guī sī: guī sī: the longing to go home.归思：想回家的心思。
沾巾zhān jīn: zhān jīn: tears wet the handkerchief.沾巾：眼泪打湿了手巾。

How to read it读音

蘋pín: Here the character is pín, a small water plant also called water clover. It is a different word from píng (apple). Machine conversion to simplified characters often writes it wrongly as the apple character.蘋读 pín，是一种长在浅水里的草，也叫田字草。它和“苹果”的“苹”（píng）本来是两个字，机器把繁体转成简体时常常错写成“苹”。
思sī: In guī sī the character sī is a noun meaning thoughts or longing. Today it is usually read sī. In old times the noun was read sì, with a falling tone.“归思”的“思”是名词，意思是心思、念头。现在一般读 sī；古时候作名词读 sì（去声）。

Background创作背景

In the title, hè means writing a poem in reply to a friend's poem, on the same subject. Jinling is the area of today's Changzhou in Jiangsu. Lu was an assistant magistrate, the second official of a county, whose full name is no longer known. Lu wrote a poem called "Gazing Out on an Early Spring Outing", and Du Shenyan wrote this one in reply. It is usually thought that Du was then assistant magistrate of Jiangyin, around the year 689, and had been away from home for many years.

题目里的“和”读 hè，意思是照着别人诗的题目和意思写一首来应答。晋陵是今天的江苏常州一带，陆丞是一位姓陆的县丞（县里的副长官），名字已经不清楚了。陆丞写了一首《早春游望》，杜审言写这首诗来应和。一般认为，这时杜审言在江阴（今江苏江阴）做县丞，大约是武则天永昌元年（689年）前后，他离开家乡已经多年了。

The poet作者

Du Shenyan (about 645–708) was an early Tang poet and the grandfather of the great poet Du Fu. He was one of the Four Friends of Letters, along with Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao. His five-character regulated poems follow the strict rules neatly, and they helped this form grow mature. Du Fu once wrote that his grandfather's poems were the best of their time, and he was proud of them.

杜审言（约645—708），初唐诗人，是大诗人杜甫的祖父。他和李峤、崔融、苏味道并称“文章四友”。他写的五言律诗格律工整，对后来律诗的成熟很有影响。杜甫曾说“吾祖诗冠古”，很为祖父的诗自豪。

The mood意境

The first two lines give the theme. Only someone far from home, serving as an official, notices the change of season so sharply. People at home watch spring come every day and find it ordinary. But a man far away sees the new scenery and thinks: another year has gone, and I still have not gone home. The middle four lines paint early spring. The sun rises over the sea in rosy clouds. Plums and willows carry spring across the river. Orioles sing in the warm wind, and water plants shine green in the sun. The lovelier the scene, the more it feels like someone else's spring. At the end, hearing his friend's poem, he cannot hold back his homesickness, and tears almost fall. The Ming critic Hu Yinglin called it the best five-character regulated poem of the early Tang.

第一联就点出主题：只有离家做官的人，才对季节变化这么敏感。在家乡的人天天看着春来，不觉得稀奇；可在外地的人一看到新景色，就想到又过了一年，还没回家。中间两联写早春：太阳从海上升起，云霞满天；梅花柳树把春天带过江来；黄莺在暖风里唱歌，蘋草在阳光下发绿。景色越美，越显出他乡的春天不是自己的。最后听到朋友的诗，想家的心再也压不住，泪水快要流下来。明代胡应麟把它评为初唐五律第一。