Tang poem · five-character regulated verse唐诗 · 五言律诗

fèng奉jì济yì驿chóng重sòng送yán严gōng公sì四yùn韵

dù杜fǔ甫Du Fu · Tang唐

At Fengji Post Station, Seeing Lord Yan Off Again: Four Rhymes

yuǎn远sòng送cóng从cǐ此bié别

qīng青shān山kōng空fù复qíng情

jǐ几shí时bēi杯chóng重bǎ把

zuó昨yè夜yuè月tóng同xíng行

liè列jùn郡ōu讴gē歌xī惜

sān三cháo朝chū出rù入róng荣

jiāng江cūn村dú独guī归chù处

jì寂mò寞yǎng养cán残shēng生

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The corpus writes bēi (cup) in the third line with an old variant form. The common text uses the standard form.

语料第三句“杯”作“桮”，是“杯”的旧写法，通行本作“杯”。

Line by line逐句翻译

远送从此别I have come a long way with you, and here we part.送了你这么远，就在这里分别吧，
青山空复情The green hills are full of feeling too, but they cannot keep you.青山也满怀情意，却白白留不住你。
几时杯重把When will we ever raise our cups together again?什么时候我们还能再一起举杯？
昨夜月同行Only last night we walked together under the moon.昨天夜里，我们还在月光下同行。
列郡讴歌惜All the prefectures sing your praises and are sorry to see you go.各州的百姓都歌颂你，舍不得你走；
三朝出入荣Through three reigns you have served in the provinces and at court with honour.你在三朝出京入朝，一直很荣耀。
江村独归处Now I go back alone to my riverside village,我回到江边的村子，
寂寞养残生to spend the rest of my life in loneliness.只能孤孤单单地度过余生了。

Words字词注释

远送yuǎn sòng: yuǎn sòng: to see someone off over a long way.远送：送了很远的路。
空kōng: kōng: in vain, for nothing.空：白白地，徒然。
复情fù qíng: fù qíng: to feel affection once more. The green hills seem sad to see him go too, but they cannot keep him, so it is in vain.复情：又一次充满情意。青山好像也舍不得，但留不住人，所以说“空”。
几时jǐ shí: jǐ shí: when.几时：什么时候。
杯重把bēi chóng bǎ: bēi chóng bǎ: to raise our cups together again.杯重把：再一次一起举杯喝酒。
同行tóng xíng: tóng xíng: to walk together.同行：一起走。
列郡liè jùn: liè jùn: the many prefectures, meaning all the places Yan Wu governed in Jiannan.列郡：各个州郡，指严武管辖的剑南一带各地。
讴歌ōu gē: ōu gē: to sing in praise.讴歌：唱歌赞美。
惜xī: xī: to be sorry to lose.惜：舍不得。
三朝sān cháo: sān cháo: three reigns, those of Emperors Xuanzong, Suzong and Daizong.三朝：三个皇帝在位的时期，指唐玄宗、肃宗、代宗三朝。
出入chū rù: chū rù: going out to govern the provinces and coming in to serve at court.出入：出京做地方官，入京在朝廷做官。
荣róng: róng: honour, glory.荣：荣耀，光彩。
江村jiāng cūn: jiāng cūn: the riverside village, meaning Du Fu's thatched cottage by the Huanhua Stream in Chengdu.江村：江边的村子，指杜甫在成都浣花溪边的草堂。
寂寞jì mò: jì mò: lonely and quiet.寂寞：孤单冷清。
残生cán shēng: cán shēng: what is left of one's life, old age.残生：剩下的人生，晚年。

How to read it读音

重chóng: Chóng bǎ means to raise the cup again. Here the character means again and is read chóng, not zhòng.“重把”是再一次举杯，“重”读 chóng，意思是“又、再”，不读 zhòng。
行xíng: Tóng xíng means walking together, so the character is read xíng, not háng. It rhymes with qíng, róng and shēng.“同行”是一起走，“行”读 xíng，不读 háng。它和“情、荣、生”押韵。

Background创作背景

Lord Yan was Yan Wu, then governor of Chengdu and military commander of Jiannan, in charge of the Sichuan area. He was an old friend of Du Fu and looked after him well in Chengdu. In 762 Yan Wu was called back to Chang'an. Du Fu could not bear to part, and went with him all the way to Fengji post station in Mianzhou, today's Mianyang in Sichuan. A post station was a stop where travellers changed horses and rested. Du Fu had already written one poem to see Yan Wu off, so this one is called "seeing off again". Four rhymes means the poem has four rhyming lines, eight lines in all.

严公就是严武，当时是成都尹兼剑南节度使，管理四川一带。他和杜甫是老朋友，在成都时很照顾杜甫。宝应元年（762年），严武被召回长安。杜甫舍不得，一直把他送到绵州（今四川绵阳）的奉济驿（驿是古代供人换马、歇脚的驿站）。杜甫之前已经写过一首送严武的诗，所以这首叫“重送”。“四韵”指全诗押四个韵，也就是八句。

The poet作者

Du Fu (712–770) was a great Tang poet, often called the Sage of Poetry. After the An Lushan Rebellion he drifted with his family to Chengdu and built a thatched cottage by the Huanhua Stream. While Yan Wu governed Chengdu, he often helped Du Fu and even recommended him for a post. They were very close. When Yan Wu left, Du Fu lost the most important support he had in Chengdu.

杜甫（712—770），唐代大诗人，被称为“诗圣”。安史之乱以后，他带着家人漂泊到成都，在浣花溪边盖了草堂。严武镇守成都时，常常帮助他，还推荐他做官，两人感情很深。严武一走，杜甫在成都就少了最重要的依靠。

The mood意境

This farewell poem grows deeper with each pair of lines. First, he has come a long way, and now they must finally part. Even the green hills seem reluctant to let go. Then he asks: when will we drink together again? Only last night we walked side by side in the moonlight. The question and the memory make the parting feel sudden. Lines five and six change tone. He praises Yan Wu, loved by the people and honoured through three reigns. He is glad for his friend. The last two lines return to himself. With his friend gone, he will go back alone to his riverside village and live out his days in loneliness. Setting the friend's glory beside his own loneliness makes the pain of parting even sharper.

这首诗写送别，感情一层比一层深。开头说送了很远，终于要分手了，连青山都好像依依不舍。接着问：什么时候还能一起喝酒？昨天晚上我们还在月光下一起走呢。这一问一忆，让人更觉得离别突然。第五、六句换了口气，称赞严武受百姓爱戴，三朝都很荣耀，这是为朋友高兴。最后两句又回到自己：朋友走了，我只能一个人回到江边小村，孤单地过完余生。朋友的风光和自己的冷清放在一起，离别的苦就更明显了。