Song lyric · ci lyric (long tune)宋词 · 词（长调）

dà大pú酺·chūn春yǔ雨

zhōu周bāng邦yàn彦Zhou Bangyan · Song宋

Grand Feast: Spring Rain

duì对sù宿yān烟shōu收

chūn春qín禽jìng静

fēi飞yǔ雨shí时míng鸣gāo高wū屋

qiáng墙tóu头qīng青yù玉pèi旆

xǐ洗qiān铅shuāng霜dōu都jìn尽

nèn嫩shāo梢xiāng相chù触

rùn润bī逼qín琴sī丝

hán寒qīn侵zhěn枕zhàng障

chóng虫wǎng网chuī吹nián黏lián帘zhú竹

yóu邮tíng亭wú无rén人chù处

tīng听yán檐shēng声bú不duàn断

kùn困mián眠chū初shú熟

nài奈chóu愁jí极dùn顿jīng惊

mèng梦qīng轻nán难jì记

zì自lián怜yōu幽dú独

xíng行rén人guī归yì意sù速

zuì最xiān先niàn念liú流lǎo潦fáng妨chē车gǔ毂

zěn怎nài奈xiàng向lán兰chéng成qiáo憔cuì悴

wèi卫jiè玠qīng清léi羸

děng等xián闲shí时yì易shāng伤xīn心mù目

wèi未guài怪píng平yáng阳kè客

shuāng双lèi泪luò落dí笛zhōng中āi哀qǔ曲

kuàng况xiāo萧suǒ索qīng青wú芜guó国

hóng红sǎn糁pū铺dì地

mén门wài外jīng荆táo桃rú如shū菽

yè夜yóu游gòng共shuí谁bǐng秉zhú烛

Underlined words have notes: tap one. The Pinyin button below shows or hides all pinyin. 一 and 不 are marked with the tone you actually say.字下有虚线的，点开有注释。下方的“拼音”按钮可以显示或隐藏全部拼音。“一”“不”标的是实际读出来的变调。

The source title has only its first character left. The tune is Dapu (Grand Feast), and the title is usually "Spring Rain". In line 9 the source has zhān (to moisten); common editions such as Three Hundred Song Lyrics have nián (to stick), meaning the cobwebs are blown and stuck to the bamboo blind. The common text is used here.

原始资料的题目只剩一个“大”字，是残缺的，词牌应为《大酺》，题目一般作“春雨”。第九句原作“吹沾帘竹”，通行本（如《宋词三百首》）作“吹黏帘竹”，意思是蛛网被风吹得粘在竹帘上，这里从通行本。

Line by line逐句翻译

对宿烟收The mist that hung all night across the way has just cleared.对面笼了一夜的烟雾刚刚散去，
春禽静The spring birds have gone quiet.春天的鸟儿都安静下来，
飞雨时鸣高屋Flying rain now and then drums on the high roof.飞来的雨点不时敲响高高的屋顶。
墙头青玉旆Above the wall the new bamboo stands like green-jade banners.墙头一竿竿新竹像青玉色的旗子，
洗铅霜都尽The rain has washed off all their white powder,竹子上的白粉都被雨洗干净了，
嫩梢相触and their tender tips brush against each other.嫩嫩的竹梢互相碰来碰去。
润逼琴丝The damp seeps into the qin strings.潮气逼进了琴弦，
寒侵枕障The cold creeps into the screen by my pillow.寒气侵入了枕边的屏风，
虫网吹黏帘竹Cobwebs blow and stick to the bamboo blind.蛛网被风吹得粘在竹帘上。
邮亭无人处In this empty roadside station,在这没有人的驿站里，
听檐声不断I listen to the eaves dripping without end,我听着屋檐滴雨，一声接一声，
困眠初熟so tired I have just fallen sound asleep.困极了，刚刚睡熟。
奈愁极顿惊But my sorrow is so heavy that I wake with a start.可惜忧愁太重，一下子又惊醒了，
梦轻难记The dream was so faint I cannot remember it,梦太浅，什么也记不住，
自怜幽独and I can only pity myself, so alone.只能可怜自己孤孤单单。
行人归意速I am a traveler, longing to hurry home.我这个在外的人，想快点回家，
最先念流潦妨车毂My first worry is the rainwater on the road that will stop the wheels.最担心的是路上的雨水挡住车轮。
怎奈向兰成憔悴How can I bear it? I am worn out like Yu Xin,怎么受得了啊，我像庾信一样憔悴，
卫玠清羸thin and frail like Wei Jie,像卫玠一样清瘦虚弱，
等闲时易伤心目and anything I see, even on an ordinary day, hurts my heart.平常随便看到什么，都容易伤心。
未怪平阳客No wonder Ma Rong, the guest at Pingyang,难怪当年客居平阳的马融，
双泪落笛中哀曲shed tears when he heard a sad tune on the flute.听到笛中的哀曲会落下两行泪。
况萧索青芜国What's more, this place is bleak and overgrown with green weeds.何况这里冷落凄凉，长满青草，
红糁铺地Red petals knocked down by the rain cover the ground,被雨打落的红花瓣铺满了地，
门外荆桃如菽and outside the gate the cherries are only as small as beans.门外的樱桃才像豆子那么小。
夜游共谁秉烛If I went out at night with a candle, who would come with me?夜里想拿着蜡烛出去游玩，又有谁陪我呢？

Words字词注释

对宿烟收duì sù yān shōu: duì sù yān shōu: the mist that hung all night across the way has just cleared. Sù means "from the night before".对宿烟收：对面一夜的烟雾刚刚散去。宿，隔夜的。
春禽chūn qín: chūn qín: spring birds.春禽：春天的鸟。
高屋gāo wū: gāo wū: the high roof.高屋：高高的屋顶。
青玉旆qīng yù pèi: qīng yù pèi: green-jade banners, meaning the new bamboo stalks above the wall.青玉旆：青玉色的旗子，比喻墙头一竿竿新竹。
铅霜qiān shuāng: qiān shuāng: the white powder on new bamboo, like lead powder or frost.铅霜：新竹表面那层白粉，像铅粉和霜。
嫩梢相触nèn shāo xiāng chù: nèn shāo xiāng chù: the tender bamboo tips brush against each other.嫩梢相触：嫩嫩的竹梢互相碰来碰去。
润逼琴丝rùn bī qín sī: rùn bī qín sī: the damp presses into the qin strings.润逼琴丝：潮气逼进了琴弦。
枕障zhěn zhàng: zhěn zhàng: the little screen by the pillow.枕障：枕边的小屏风。
虫网chóng wǎng: chóng wǎng: cobwebs.虫网：蜘蛛网。
帘竹lián zhú: lián zhú: the bamboo blind.帘竹：竹帘。
邮亭yóu tíng: yóu tíng: a roadside post station where messengers and travelers rested.邮亭：古代路边给送信的人和旅客歇脚的驿站。
檐声yán shēng: yán shēng: the sound of rain dripping from the eaves.檐声：雨水从屋檐滴下的声音。
困眠初熟kùn mián chū shú: kùn mián chū shú: tired, just fallen sound asleep.困眠初熟：困了，刚刚睡熟。
奈nài: nài: alas.奈：无奈，可惜。
顿惊dùn jīng: dùn jīng: suddenly woken.顿惊：一下子惊醒。
梦轻mèng qīng: mèng qīng: the dream was light and faint.梦轻：梦很浅很淡。
幽独yōu dú: yōu dú: lonely and alone.幽独：孤孤单单，冷冷清清。
行人xíng rén: xíng rén: a traveler on the road, here the poet himself.行人：在外赶路的人，这里是词人自己。
妨车毂fáng chē gǔ: fáng chē gǔ: getting in the way of the wheels so the cart cannot go. The gǔ is the hub at the center of a wheel.妨车毂：妨碍车轮转动，车走不了。车毂是车轮中心的圆木。
怎奈向zěn nài xiàng: zěn nài xiàng: how can one bear it. Xiàng is just a filler word here.怎奈向：怎么受得了，无可奈何。“向”是语气词。
兰成lán chéng: lán chéng: the childhood name of Yu Xin, a poet of the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Kept in the north and unable to go home, he wrote many sad works of homesickness.兰成：南北朝诗人庾信的小名。他被留在北方回不了南方，写过很多思念故乡的悲伤作品。
憔悴qiáo cuì: qiáo cuì: thin and worn out.憔悴：又瘦又疲惫的样子。
卫玠wèi jiè: wèi jiè: Wei Jie, a famously handsome man of the Jin dynasty who was frail and often ill.卫玠：晋朝有名的美男子，身体很弱，常常生病。
清羸qīng léi: qīng léi: thin and weak.清羸：清瘦虚弱。
等闲时děng xián shí: děng xián shí: at any ordinary moment.等闲时：平平常常的时候，随随便便。
易伤心目yì shāng xīn mù: yì shāng xīn mù: what the eyes see easily hurts the heart.易伤心目：眼里看到的东西很容易让人伤心。
平阳客píng yáng kè: píng yáng kè: the guest at Pingyang. Ma Rong of the Eastern Han, staying away from home at Pingyang, heard someone play the flute, was deeply moved, and wrote a famous piece about the flute. The poet compares himself to him.平阳客：东汉马融在平阳客居时，听到有人吹笛，非常悲伤，写下了《长笛赋》。这里词人用来比自己。
况kuàng: kuàng: what's more.况：何况。
萧索xiāo suǒ: xiāo suǒ: bleak and desolate.萧索：冷落凄凉。
青芜国qīng wú guó: qīng wú guó: a land overgrown with green weeds.青芜国：长满青草的地方。芜，杂草。
红糁hóng sǎn: hóng sǎn: red bits, meaning petals knocked down by the rain.红糁：红色的碎粒，指被雨打落的花瓣。
荆桃jīng táo: jīng táo: cherries.荆桃：樱桃。
如菽rú shū: rú shū: as small as beans.如菽：像豆子一样小。菽，豆子。
秉烛bǐng zhú: bǐng zhú: holding a candle. An old poem said that since days are short and nights long, why not go out at night with a candle in hand.秉烛：拿着蜡烛。古诗里说“昼短苦夜长，何不秉烛游”，劝人抓紧时间夜里也去游玩。

How to read it读音

潦lǎo: liú lǎo: rainwater running over the road. Here the character means standing rainwater and is read lǎo, not liáo.流潦：路上流淌的雨水。“潦”指雨后的积水，读 lǎo，不读 liáo（潦草）。
曲qǔ: āi qǔ: a sad tune. Here the character means a piece of music and is read qǔ.哀曲：悲伤的曲子，“曲”是乐曲，读 qǔ。

Background创作背景

This lyric is titled "Spring Rain". It shows the poet on a journey, kept by spring rain at a roadside post station. The exact time and place are not known. As an official, Zhou Bangyan often traveled from post to post, and the loneliness and longing for home here fit that long life on the road. The first part shows what he sees and hears in the rain; the second part shows his sorrow and wish to go home.

这首词题为“春雨”，写的是词人在外地赶路时，被春雨困在路边驿站里的情景。具体写作时间和地点都不清楚。周邦彦一生做官，常在各地之间奔波，这首词里那种孤单、想回家的心情，和他长期漂泊在外的经历有关。上段写雨中所见所闻，下段写思归的愁苦。

The poet作者

Zhou Bangyan (1056–1121), courtesy name Meicheng, was a Northern Song lyric poet. He was an expert in music and painted scenes with great care, often starting from tiny things: the powder on bamboo, the damp in the qin strings, a cobweb on a blind. He also loved to borrow old stories and lines, so that a short lyric holds many layers of meaning.

周邦彦（1056—1121），字美成，号清真居士，北宋词人。他精通音乐，写景特别细腻，常常从很小的地方下笔，比如竹上的白粉、琴弦的潮气、竹帘上的蛛网。他还爱化用古人的故事和诗句，让短短一首词里装进许多层意思。

The mood意境

In the first part almost every line adds a detail, and the spring rain feels wet and cold. Raindrops drum on the roof. The new bamboo is washed clean. The qin strings are damp, the pillow is chilly, and even the cobwebs are blown onto the blind. The poet never says outright how hard it rains, yet we can feel the damp on our faces. In the empty station he finally falls asleep, only to be woken by sorrow, and he cannot recall the dream. The second part turns inward. He wants to go home but fears the water on the road. He compares himself to the worn-out Yu Xin, the frail Wei Jie, and Ma Rong weeping at a flute tune, each one deepening the sadness. At the end, petals cover the ground, the cherries are still small, and spring is nearly gone. He would go out at night with a candle, but no one would come. One spring rain holds all of a traveler's loneliness.

上段几乎一句一个细节，把春雨写得又湿又冷：雨点敲屋顶，新竹被洗得干干净净，琴弦受潮，枕边发凉，连蛛网都被吹得粘在帘子上。词人一直没直接说“雨”有多大，我们却能感到潮气扑面。他在空荡荡的驿站里好不容易睡着，又被愁惊醒，梦也记不住。下段转到心里：想回家，却怕雨水挡路；他把自己比作憔悴的庾信、瘦弱的卫玠、听笛落泪的马融，一层层加深愁苦。最后，满地落花，樱桃还小，春天快过去了，夜里想秉烛出游，却没人陪。一场春雨，写出了旅人全部的孤单。